uid=HFR,o=lter,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=org all public read doi:10.6073/pasta/d1bd72c98200537230c8208327dda8ca David Orwig https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7822-3560 David Foster https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1171-3762 Heidi Lux Researcher 2024 English

Hemlock decline in New England is caused by direct and indirect effects of invasion of the hemlock woolly adelgid. Direct damage from the insect is causing gradual mortality of hemlock, and widespread harvesting of hemlock in advance of mortality creates a contrasting disturbance. Although both processes affect thousands of acres of forest annually, we have only a limited understanding of their effects on forest ecosystem function and productivity and the nature of the subsequent forest community. We anticipate that harvesting will yield different consequences than gradual mortality from the insect. Therefore we have designed an experiment to simulate the impact of both in order to contrast them. To simulate some of the effects of the adelgid (e.g., progressive mortality, retention of the wood on the site) we are girdling all hemlocks in a hemlock-dominated stand. In the adjacent area we are conducting a commercial harvesting of hemlock. Results from both experimental treatments will be compared to the changes observed in forests that are being infested by the adelgid, and can also be included in integrated analyses of a suite of large experiments that form a core component of the Harvard Forest LTER program.

air temperature hemlock hemlock woolly adelgid nitrogen mineralization soil chemistry soil temperature successional dynamics timber harvest tree mortality LTER controlled vocabulary disturbance LTER core area Harvard Forest HFR LTER USA HFR default

This dataset is released to the public under Creative Commons CC0 1.0 (No Rights Reserved). Please keep the dataset creators informed of any plans to use the dataset. Consultation with the original investigators is strongly encouraged. Publications and data products that make use of the dataset should include proper acknowledgement.

Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal https://spdx.org/licenses/CC0-1.0.html CC0-1.0 https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/exist/apps/datasets/showData.html?id=hf054 Simes Tract (Harvard Forest). Coordinates based on WGS84 datum. -72.22 -72.21 +42.48 +42.47 200 240 meter 2003 2020 genus Adelges species tsugae hemlock woolly adelgid genus Betula species lenta black birch genus Tsuga species canadensis eastern hemlock completed Information Manager Harvard Forest

324 North Main Street Petersham MA 01366 USA

(978) 724-3302 hf-im@lists.fas.harvard.edu Harvard Forest

324 North Main Street Petersham MA 01366 USA

(978) 724-3302 (978) 724-3595 https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu

Nitrogen mineralization was measured using 4 closed-topped cores at each of eight 30 x 30 m plots. Sampling occurred at 5-week intervals during each growing season with one set of cores left over winter. An additional assessment of forest floor N availability and mobility was determined from mixed-bed cation + anion resin bags that were buried for 6-month intervals at the organic layer-mineral layer interface (ca. 5 cm) in each sampling plot. Soil temperature at 1 and 5 cm depths were measured at each soil sampling plot every 30 minutes throughout the growing season using iButton temperature data loggers. Soil samples were returned to the laboratory on ice and processed the next day. Organic and mineral soils were passed through a 5.0 mm mesh screen, weighed for total mass, and subsampled for gravimetric moisture and inorganic N. NH4-N and NO3-N were extracted from all soils using 1M KCl and from resin bags using 2M KCl and concentrations were determined colorimetrically with a Lachat flow-injection 8500 autoanalyzer. We determined the following properties of soils collected during our initial sampling at each site: organic matter by loss on ignition (5.5 hrs at 550 oC), pH in a soil and CaCl2 slurry (1:10 organic soil:solution; 1:4 mineral soil:solution), and total C and N content by dry combustion with our Fisons CHN autoanalyzer. Remaining organic and mineral soils were air-dried and stored in our sample archive.

Harvard Forest

324 North Main Street Petersham MA 01366 USA

(978) 724-3302 (978) 724-3595 https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu https://ror.org/059cpzx98 pointOfContact The Harvard Forest Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) program examines ecological dynamics in the New England region resulting from natural disturbances, environmental change, and human impacts. National Science Foundation LTER grants: DEB-8811764, DEB-9411975, DEB-0080592, DEB-0620443, DEB-1237491, DEB-1832210. hf054-01-air-temp.csv air temperature hf054-01-air-temp.csv 282192 cb4a4d57e3cc9873c17a7fce178bc32d 1 \r\n column , https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p05/hf054/hf054-01-air-temp.csv date date YYYY-MM-DD year year YYYY month month month day day of month day of month time time hh:mm am.pm am or pm am or pm airt.7 air temperature plot 7 celsius 0.01 real NA missing value airt.8 air temperature plot 8 celsius 0.01 real NA missing value 6848 hf054-02-soil-temp.csv soil temperature hf054-02-soil-temp.csv 1649584 9691b39ae7b2dfd0963d1a5f1d176f32 1 \r\n column , https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p05/hf054/hf054-02-soil-temp.csv date date YYYY-MM-DD year year YYYY month month month day day of month day of month time time hh:mm am.pm am or pm am or pm m.1 hourly mineral soil temperature, PLOT 1 (GIRDLE) celsius 0.1 real NA missing value o.1 hourly organic soil temperature, PLOT 1 (GIRDLE) celsius 0.1 real NA missing value m.2 hourly mineral soil temperature, PLOT 2 (GIRDLE) celsius 0.1 real NA missing value o.2 hourly organic soil temperature, PLOT 2 (GIRDLE) celsius 0.1 real NA missing value m.3 hourly mineral soil temperature, PLOT 3 (GIRDLE) celsius 0.1 real NA missing value o.3 hourly organic soil temperature, PLOT 3 (GIRDLE) celsius 0.1 real NA missing value m.4 hourly mineral soil temperature, PLOT 4 (GIRDLE) celsius 0.1 real NA missing value o.4 hourly organic soil temperature, PLOT 4 (GIRDLE) celsius 0.1 real NA missing value m.5 hourly mineral soil temperature, PLOT 5 (GIRDLE) celsius 0.1 real NA missing value o.5 hourly organic soil temperature, PLOT 5 (GIRDLE) celsius 0.1 real NA missing value m.6 hourly mineral soil temperature, PLOT 6 (GIRDLE) celsius 0.1 real NA missing value o.6 hourly organic soil temperature, PLOT 6 (GIRDLE) celsius 0.1 real NA missing value m.7 hourly mineral soil temperature, PLOT 7 (GIRDLE) celsius 0.1 real NA missing value o.7 hourly organic soil temperature, PLOT 7 (GIRDLE) celsius 0.1 real NA missing value m.8 hourly mineral soil temperature, PLOT 8 (GIRDLE) celsius 0.1 real NA missing value o.8 hourly organic soil temperature, PLOT 8 (GIRDLE) celsius 0.1 real NA missing value 17996 hf054-03-nmin.csv nitrogen mineralization hf054-03-nmin.csv 155447 cf6b4643115d57c9d96349fe98b31fb2 1 \r\n column , https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p05/hf054/hf054-03-nmin.csv series incubation series. Even number represents the initial core # for each series, starting with series 2. The net mineralization value is core 1minus core 2, then core 4- core 3, etc. incubation series core.in date soil incubation began, in situ YYYY-MM-DD core.out date soil care incubation ended YYYY-MM-DD incubation number of days core was in the soil number 1 natural NA missing value year year YYYY horizon soil horizon O organic horizon M mineral horizon block block type valley valley ridge ridge treatment experimental treatment girdle girdle log logged control control hw control hardwood control plot experimental plot number (1-8) experimental plot number subplot subplot number (1-32), there are 4 subplots in each plot subplot number net.nh4.n final core – initial core extracted Nitrogen in the form of ammonium milligramPerKilogram 0.001 real NA missing value net.no3.n final core – initial core extracted Nitrogen in the form of nitrate milligramPerKilogram 0.001 real NA missing value core.wgt soil core weight gram 0.001 real NA missing value core.area area hectare 0.000000001 real NA missing value net2.nh4.n final core – initial core extracted Nitrogen in the form of ammonium kilogramsPerHectare 0.001 real NA missing value net2.no3.n final core – initial core extracted Nitrogen in the form of nitrate milligramPerKilogram 0.001 real NA missing value moisture total evaporable moisture content of sample ([g moist soil)-(g dry soil)]/(g dry soil) gram 0.001 real NA missing value 1664 hf054-04-resin.csv resin data hf054-04-resin.csv 57002 7de07bfb635c95ae74d56c36fb89e61d 1 \r\n column , https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p05/hf054/hf054-04-resin.csv gs.ow resin bags are deployed in the soil for the growing season (May-Oct) or over winter (Oct-May) OW over winter GS growing season NA missing value start.date start date YYYY end.date end date YYYY NA missing value site research site ST Simes Tract NA missing value treatment experimental treatment girdle girdled log logged control control HW control hardwood control NA missing value plot experimental plot (1-8) experimental plot (1-8) NA missing value subplot subplot (1-32), there are 4 subplots in each plot subplot (1-32) NA missing value nh4.n Nitrogen in the form of ammonium in solution extract milligramsPerLiter 0.01 real NA missing value no3.n Nitrogen in the form of nitrate in solution extract milligramsPerLiter 0.01 real NA missing value nh4.n.r Nitrogen in the form of ammonium captured in resin microgramsPerGram 0.01 real NA missing value no3.n.r Nitrogen in the form of nitrate captured in resin microgramsPerGram 0.01 real NA missing value 1024 hf054-05-soil-chemistry.csv soil chemistry hf054-05-soil-chemistry.csv 2837 a48e52bfa0cbf099bae56dd5bbd3cd44 1 \r\n column , https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p05/hf054/hf054-05-soil-chemistry.csv site research site ST Simes Tract year year YYYY plot experimental plot (1-8) experimental plot (1-8) trmt experimental treatment girdle girdled log logged control control hw control hardwood control subplot experimental subplot (1-32), there are 4 subplots per plot experimental subplot (1-32) horizon soil horizon O organic horizon M minteral horizon ph soil pH number 0.01 real NA missing value n.per sample content percent nitrogen dimensionless 0.01 real NA missing value c.per sample content percent carbon dimensionless 0.01 real NA missing value c.n sample carbon:nitrogen ratio dimensionless 0.01 real NA missing value 64 plot community long-term measurement https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/exist/apps/datasets/showData.html?id=hf061