uid=HFR,o=lter,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=org all public read Emery Boose https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4820-0231 Mark VanScoy Paul Barten Researcher Elizabeth Colburn Researcher William Sobczak Researcher 2026 English

To better understand the critical role of headwater streams and wetlands in our forest ecosystem, long-term measurements were initiated in 2005 on two small watersheds in the Prospect Hill Tract of the Harvard Forest. On Nelson Brook, weirs were installed on outlet streams of an 11-ha spruce-hemlock wetland (watershed area = 44 ha). On Arthur Brook (formerly Bigelow Brook), pipes were installed to measure flow above (watershed = 24 ha) and below (watershed = 65 ha) a 3-ha shrub-dominated beaver swamp. The gaged watersheds, though adjacent and comparable in size, differ significantly in topography, soils, wetlands, stream chemistry, stream biota, land-use history, and forest vegetation, and provide an extraordinary opportunity to study the impacts of these factors on small watershed hydrology and ecology. Weekly manual measurements were initiated in April 2005. Continuous automated measurements were initiated at the stream gages in December 2007 and at the wetland gages in October 2008. Data for the current month are available online, updated every 15 minutes, with out-of-range values replaced by NA but values not otherwise checked. Earlier data are checked and archived monthly with missing, questionable, and estimated values flagged, following methods of the LTER ClimbDB project. A log of events affecting station measurements is also posted. For current data, please see: https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/met-hydro-stations.

hydrology stream discharge water balance water temperature wetlands LTER controlled vocabulary inorganic nutrients disturbance LTER core area Harvard Forest HFR LTER USA HFR default

This dataset is released to the public under Creative Commons CC0 1.0 (No Rights Reserved). Please keep the dataset creators informed of any plans to use the dataset. Consultation with the original investigators is strongly encouraged. Publications and data products that make use of the dataset should include proper acknowledgement.

Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal https://spdx.org/licenses/CC0-1.0.html CC0-1.0 https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/exist/apps/datasets/showData.html?id=HF070 Prospect Hill Tract (Harvard Forest). Coordinates based on WGS84 datum. -72.20 -72.17 +42.55 +42.53 280 420 meter 2005 2025 ongoing. Data updated monthly Information Manager Harvard Forest

324 North Main Street Petersham MA 01366 USA

(978) 724-3302 hf-im@lists.fas.harvard.edu Harvard Forest

324 North Main Street Petersham MA 01366 USA

(978) 724-3302 (978) 724-3595 https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu

See online map for locations of gages and watershed boundaries. Note that the two Nelson Brook gages measure discharge from the same watershed (parallel outlets), while the Arthur Brook gages measure discharge from nested watersheds. Nelson Brook flows northwest to the Millers River and Connecticut River. Arthur Brook flows southeast to the Swift River, Quabbin Reservoir, Chicopee River, and Connecticut River. Nelson Brook Big Weir (NB). 120-degree V-notch weir with rectangular spillway. V-notch height = 10 in (25.4 cm). Spillway width = 13 ft (3.96 m). Watershed area = 44 ha. Gage location = 42.53478 N, 72.18655 W. Nelson Brook Little Weir (NL). 120-degree V-notch weir with rectangular spillway. V-notch height = 4 in (10.2 cm). Spillway width = 5 ft (1.52 m). Watershed area = 44 ha. Gage location = 42.53363 N, 72.18602 W. Arthur Brook Lower Pipe (AL). Corrugated polyethylene pipe with smooth interior. Diameter = 30 in (76.2 cm). Length = 16 ft (4.88 m). Slope = 0.01087. Manning coefficient = 0.012. Watershed area = 65 ha. Gage location = 42.53909 N, 72.17213 W. Arthur Brook Upper Pipe (AU). Corrugated polyethylene pipe with smooth interior. Diameter = 24 in (61.0 cm). Length = 10 ft (3.05 m). Slope = 0.01969. Manning coefficient = 0.012. Watershed area = 24 ha. Gage location = 42.54295 N, 72.17659 W. Black Gum Swamp (BGS). Nelson Brook watershed. Wetland area = 11 ha. Gage location = 42.53527 N, 72.18398 W. Beaver Swamp (BVS). Arthur Brook watershed. Wetland area = 3 ha. Gage location = 42.54032 N, 72.17445 W.

Water levels at the weirs were measured with metal rulers attached to the weirs (values relative to the notch). Water levels inside pipes were measured with ruler and chalk 40 cm from the downstream end. Water levels in the BGS and BVS wetlands were originally measured in an existing well (relative to the soil surface) and at an existing gage (relative to 3.28 feet), respectively. In fall 2008 new gages for automated measurements were installed at new locations in each wetland. The Arthur Brook Lower Pipe was replaced on 16-Oct-2006. Before that date, the pipe was corrugated steel with a partial asphalt liner, diameter = 36 in (91.4 cm), length = 16 ft (4.88 m), slope = 0.01087, manning coefficient = 0.019.

Water level: Pressure transducers have included Druck 1830 2.5 psig, Campbell 450, and Keller America Acculevel SDI-12 models. Water temperature: Campbell 107 temperature probes. At weir sites, instruments are mounted on steel brackets attached to the weirs. At pipe sites, instruments are mounted in wells 30 cm below the bottom of the stream channel and 1 m upstream from the pipe intake. At wetland sites, instruments are mounted on vertical pipes 60 cm below average water level. At each site a permanent manual gage may be used to check instrument readings. Instruments are scanned every 10 seconds and 15-minute average values are retained. All times are Eastern Standard Time.

Stream discharge is calculated from water level (stage) using standard flow equations. At pipe sites, water depth in the pipe is estimated from measured stage using empirical rating curves. Daily values are calculated from 15-minute measurements. Data are checked and posted with missing, questionable, and estimated values flagged, following methods of the LTER ClimDB project. A log of events affecting station measurements is also posted.

In very cold weather, ice damming may result in artificially high stage and discharge values. If ice damming is prolonged, daily values may be adjusted and marked as estimated and a note added to the log. 15-minute values are not adjusted.

Gages are not heated. Ice is removed regularly in winter to ensure proper flow through the gages. At Nelson Little Weir, the pressure transducer is removed in mid-winter to prevent ice damage and discharge is modeled from measured flow at Nelson Big Weir.

Harvard Forest

324 North Main Street Petersham MA 01366 USA

(978) 724-3302 (978) 724-3595 https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu https://ror.org/059cpzx98 pointOfContact The Harvard Forest Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) program examines ecological dynamics in the New England region resulting from natural disturbances, environmental change, and human impacts. National Science Foundation LTER grants: DEB-8811764, DEB-9411975, DEB-0080592, DEB-0620443, DEB-1237491, DEB-1832210. hf070-01-station-log.csv station log hf070-01-station-log.csv 7804 40574b684620ce205748df4d790984b8 1 \r\n column , https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p07/hf070/hf070-01-station-log.csv date date YYYY-MM-DD notes notes on station maintenance, repairs, and other issues affecting measurements notes 97 hf070-02-manual.csv manual hf070-02-manual.csv 21950 9cf7a2f51813d5d59149e656274a7e1d 1 \r\n column , https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p07/hf070/hf070-02-manual.csv date date YYYY-MM-DD nb.time Julian day and fraction of a day nominalDay 0.0001 real NA missing value nb.stg measured stage at Nelson Big Weir centimeter 0.1 real NA missing value nb.dis calculated discharge at Nelson Big Weir litersPerSecond 0.1 real NA missing value nl.time Julian day and fraction of a day nominalDay 0.0001 real NA missing value nl.stg measured stage at Nelson Little Weir centimeter 0.1 real NA missing value nl.dis calculated discharge at Nelson Little Weir litersPerSecond 0.1 real NA missing value al.time Julian day and fraction of a day nominalDay 0.0001 real NA missing value al.stg measured stage at Arthur Lower Pipe centimeter 0.1 real NA missing value al.dis calculated discharge Arthur Lower Pipe litersPerSecond 0.1 real NA missing value au.time Julian day and fraction of a day nominalDay 0.0001 real NA missing value au.stg measured stage at Arthur Upper Pipe centimeter 0.1 real NA missing value au.dis calculated discharge at Arthur Upper Pipe litersPerSecond 0.1 real NA missing value bgs.time Julian day and fraction of a day nominalDay 0.0001 real NA missing value bgs.stg measured stage at Black Gum Swamp centimeter 0.1 real NA missing value bvs.time Julian day and fraction of a day nominalDay 0.0001 real NA missing value bvs.stg measured stage at Beaver Swamp centimeter 0.1 real NA missing value 209 hf070-03-daily.csv daily hf070-03-daily.csv 361726 d8f97327c2b9b963c530b3b3ecc05d2c 1 \r\n column , https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p07/hf070/hf070-03-daily.csv date date YYYY-MM-DD jd Julian day nominalDay 1 whole nt.dis total discharge from Nelson Weirs litersPerSecond 0.01 real NA missing value f.nt.dis flag for nt.dis E Missing. Instrument not installed, instrument not working correctly, or measured value out of range. M Estimated. Value estimated from incomplete measurements or from other sources. al.dis discharge from Arthur Lower Pipe litersPerSecond 0.01 real NA missing value f.al.dis flag for al.dis M Missing. Instrument not installed, instrument not working correctly, or measured value out of range. E Estimated. Value estimated from incomplete measurements or from other sources. au.dis discharge from Arthur Upper Pipe litersPerSecond 0.01 real NA missing value f.au.dis flag for au.dis M Missing. Instrument not installed, instrument not working correctly, or measured value out of range. E Estimated. Value estimated from incomplete measurements or from other sources. nb.wt water temperature at Nelson Big Weir celsius 0.01 real NA missing value f.nb.wt flag for nb.wt M Missing. Instrument not installed, instrument not working correctly, or measured value out of range. E Estimated. Value estimated from incomplete measurements or from other sources. al.wt water temperature at Arthur Lower Pipe celsius 0.01 real NA missing value f.al.wt flag for al.wt M Missing. Instrument not installed, instrument not working correctly, or measured value out of range. E Estimated. Value estimated from incomplete measurements or from other sources. au.wt water temperature at Arthur Upper Pipe celsius 0.01 real NA missing value f.au.wt flag for au.wt M Missing. Instrument not installed, instrument not working correctly, or measured value out of range. E Estimated. Value estimated from incomplete measurements or from other sources. 6617 hf070-04-15min.csv 15-minute hf070-04-15min.csv 78806786 5a44c0e9de67afe98cc244c409a76dab 1 \r\n column , https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p07/hf070/hf070-04-15min.csv datetime date and time at end of sampling period YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm jd Julian day nominalDay 1 whole nb.stg stage at Nelson Big Weir centimeter 0.01 real NA missing value f.nb.stg flag for nb.stg M Missing. Instrument not installed, instrument not working correctly, or measured value out of range. E Estimated. Value estimated from incomplete measurements or from other sources. nl.stg stage at Nelson Little Weir centimeter 0.01 real NA missing value f.nl.stg flag for nl.stg M Missing. Instrument not installed, instrument not working correctly, or measured value out of range. E Estimated. Value estimated from incomplete measurements or from other sources. al.stg stage at Arthur Lower Pipe centimeter 0.01 real NA missing value f.al.stg flag for al.stg M Missing. Instrument not installed, instrument not working correctly, or measured value out of range. E Estimated. Value estimated from incomplete measurements or from other sources. au.stg stage at Arthur Upper Pipe centimeter 0.01 real NA missing value f.au.stg flag for au.stg M Missing. Instrument not installed, instrument not working correctly, or measured value out of range. E Estimated. Value estimated from incomplete measurements or from other sources. bgs.stg stage at Black Gum Swamp centimeter 0.01 real NA missing value f.bgs.stg flag for bgs.stg M Missing. Instrument not installed, instrument not working correctly, or measured value out of range. E Estimated. Value estimated from incomplete measurements or from other sources. bvs.stg stage at Beaver Swamp centimeter 0.01 real NA missing value f.bvs.stg flag for bvs.stg M Missing. Instrument not installed, instrument not working correctly, or measured value out of range. E Estimated. Value estimated from incomplete measurements or from other sources. nb.dis discharge at Nelson Big Weir litersPerSecond 0.01 real NA missing value f.nb.dis flag for nb.dis M Missing. Instrument not installed, instrument not working correctly, or measured value out of range. E Estimated. Value estimated from incomplete measurements or from other sources. nl.dis discharge at Nelson Little Weir litersPerSecond 0.01 real NA missing value f.nl.dis flag for nl.dis M Missing. Instrument not installed, instrument not working correctly, or measured value out of range. E Estimated. Value estimated from incomplete measurements or from other sources. nt.dis total discharge from Nelson Weirs litersPerSecond 0.01 real NA missing value f.nt.dis flag for nt.dis M Missing. Instrument not installed, instrument not working correctly, or measured value out of range. E Estimated. Value estimated from incomplete measurements or from other sources. al.dis discharge from Arthur Lower Pipe litersPerSecond 0.01 real NA missing value f.al.dis flag for al.dis M Missing. Instrument not installed, instrument not working correctly, or measured value out of range. E Estimated. Value estimated from incomplete measurements or from other sources. au.dis discharge from Arthur Upper Pipe litersPerSecond 0.01 real NA missing value f.au.dis flag for au.dis M Missing. Instrument not installed, instrument not working correctly, or measured value out of range. E Estimated. Value estimated from incomplete measurements or from other sources. nb.wt water temperature at Nelson Big Weir celsius 0.01 real NA missing value f.nb.wt flag for nb.wt M Missing. Instrument not installed, instrument not working correctly, or measured value out of range. E Estimated. Value estimated from incomplete measurements or from other sources. nl.wt water temperature at Nelson Little Weir celsius 0.01 real NA missing value f.nl.wt flag for nl.wt M Missing. Instrument not installed, instrument not working correctly, or measured value out of range. E Estimated. Value estimated from incomplete measurements or from other sources. al.wt water temperature at Arthur Lower Pipe celsius 0.01 real NA missing value f.al.wt flag for al.wt M Missing. Instrument not installed, instrument not working correctly, or measured value out of range. E Estimated. Value estimated from incomplete measurements or from other sources. au.wt water temperature at Arthur Upper Pipe celsius 0.01 real NA missing value f.au.wt flag for au.wt M Missing. Instrument not installed, instrument not working correctly, or measured value out of range. E Estimated. Value estimated from incomplete measurements or from other sources. bgs.wt water temperature at Black Gum Swamp celsius 0.01 real NA missing value f.bgs.wt flag for bgs.wt M Missing. Instrument not installed, instrument not working correctly, or measured value out of range. E Estimated. Value estimated from incomplete measurements or from other sources. bvs.wt water temperature at Beaver Swamp celsius 0.01 real NA missing value f.bvs.wt flag for bvs.wt M Missing. Instrument not installed, instrument not working correctly, or measured value out of range. E Estimated. Value estimated from incomplete measurements or from other sources. 632256 watershed long-term measurement 3,4 https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data-archives/data-in-real-time/met-hydro-stations/ https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p07/hf070/site-map.jpg https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/hf070-photos https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/exist/apps/datasets/showData.html?id=HF001 https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/exist/apps/datasets/showData.html?id=HF155