uid=HFR,o=lter,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=org all public read doi:10.6073/pasta/363c9a3bb22f2720e8350ee3eb94235f Aaron Ellison https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4151-6081 Sydne Record https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7293-2155 Alexander Arguello Researcher 2023 English

Ants comprise a considerable amount of animal biomass in terrestrial ecosystems and play major roles in ecological processes ranging from seed dispersal to soil turnover. Invasion by the hemlock woolly adelgid will transform late-successional hemlock forests into earlier successional mixed hardwood-white pine forests or red-maple wetlands. Understanding how ant assemblages vary in different habitat types allows for predictions of how hemlock decline could alter the composition of ant assemblages, with implications for a wide range of ecosystem processes. An ongoing study at the Simes Tract of Harvard Forest is documenting the effects of invasion and land-use history on ant biodiversity. Surveys from 2003 to 2005 focused on ant structure in hemlock and hardwood microhabitats in the Harvard Forest Hemlock Removal Experiment, in which hemlock forest response to deforestation by the hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae) and to selective logging is being examined (Ellison et al. 2005). In the summer of 2006, we surveyed a greater range of microhabitat types with two objectives. First, to collect rare or elusive species in hemlock and hardwood stands that may have gone uncollected in previous years. Second, to sample forest communities not included in previous years - white pine, swamp, and rocky slope - for ant species unique to these microhabitats. We found fourteen newly documented species of ants in the Simes Tract - nine of which were in an open, swamp. Aphaenogaster rudis and Camponotus pennsylvanicus were the only ant species found in all microhabitat types. In a canonical correspondence analysis, A. rudis and C. pennsylvanicus were associated most strongly with hemlock stands and low species richness of understory plants.

abundance ants habitats hemlock hemlock woolly adelgid species composition LTER controlled vocabulary populations disturbance LTER core area Harvard Forest HFR LTER USA HFR default

This dataset is released to the public under Creative Commons CC0 1.0 (No Rights Reserved). Please keep the dataset creators informed of any plans to use the dataset. Consultation with the original investigators is strongly encouraged. Publications and data products that make use of the dataset should include proper acknowledgement.

Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal https://spdx.org/licenses/CC0-1.0.html CC0-1.0 https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/exist/apps/datasets/showData.html?id=hf119 Simes Tract (Harvard Forest). Coordinates based on WGS84 datum. -72.22 -72.21 +42.48 +42.47 200 240 meter 2006 2006 order Hymenoptera genus Tsuga species canadensis complete Information Manager Harvard Forest

324 North Main Street Petersham MA 01366 USA

(978) 724-3302 hf-im@lists.fas.harvard.edu Harvard Forest

324 North Main Street Petersham MA 01366 USA

(978) 724-3302 (978) 724-3595 https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu

Within the Simes tract, we sampled 100-m transects at eight sites with the following microhabitats: two sites each of hemlock, white pine, and hardwood overstories; a swamp site; and a rocky-slope. At the swamp site, the transect length was only 50 m due to geographical constraints. At each transect we sampled ants and vegetation. Ants were sampled twice at each site between June and August 2006 from pitfall traps, baits, sieved litter, and hand-collections. Pitfall traps were 95mm-diameter plastic cups buried even with the substrate surface. Traps were filled with 20-mL soapy water and left to accumulate ants for 48 hours during dry weather. Trap contents were collected and fixed in the field in 95% EtOH. Following collection of the pitfall traps, bait stations (50 mg Pecan Sandies cookies) were set up at each sample point. Baits were set out on white index cards during the middle of the day for one hour after which ants were collected with a suction aspirator. Litter-dwelling ants were extracted from three 1-L leaf litter samples per transect. We also searched for and hand-collected ants for 1 person-hour throughout each site, looking under rocks, on low-growing vegetation, and in the leaf litter. All vegetation sampling was performed in mid-July during the height of the growing season. At 5-m intervals along the transect, the number of stems of all herbs and shrubs was recorded within 50 x 50-cm quadrats centered on each pitfall location. In the first week of September 2006, we took hemispherical canopy photos along the transects at 0m, 50m and 100m using a Nikon 8mm fisheye lens and F-3 camera. At the swamp site, we took hemiphotos at 0m, 25m, and 50m since that transect was only 50 m long. We measured the basal area of all trees greater than 5-cm diameter at breast height (DBH) within 5-m of each 100-m transect.

Transect Information (8 transects total of 100 m in length unless otherwise noted). Compass declination set at 15 deg. Transect 1. Hemlock overstory. Transect located in the northwest corner of the Simes Tract running west of and adjacent to a small stream. Transect runs at 354.5 deg. Transect 2. Hemlock overstory. Transect located in the northwest corner of the Simes Tract southeast of Transect 1 and south of wetland. Transect runs at 203.5 deg. Transect 3. Hardwood overstory. Transect located between Hemlock Removal Experiment plots 7 and 6. Transect runs at. Transect 4. White pine and Hemlock Swamp. Transect located in northwest corner of the Simes Tract on the western side of the wetland. Transect runs at 176 deg. Transect is 50 m in length. Transect 5. Hardwood overstory on rocky slope. Transect located northeast of Hemlock Removal Experiment Plot 3 running west of and adjacent to a ravine. Transect runs at 171 deg. Transect 6. Hardwood overstory. Transect parallels a stone wall and is located west of skid road leading to Hemlock Removal Experiment Plots 1, 2, and 3. Transect runs at 86.5 deg. Transect 7. White pine overstory. Transect located in south central portion of the Simes Tract west of a stream and the jeep road that runs perpendicular to the main parking area off of Dugway Rd. Transect is located within a stone wall foundation. Transect runs at 332.5 deg. Transect 8. White pine overstory. There are two transects running parallel to one another and 6 m apart. Transects located in south central portion of the Simes Tract running parallel to Dugway Rd. Transects run at 24.5 deg.

Harvard Forest

324 North Main Street Petersham MA 01366 USA

(978) 724-3302 (978) 724-3595 https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu https://ror.org/059cpzx98 pointOfContact The Harvard Forest Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) program examines ecological dynamics in the New England region resulting from natural disturbances, environmental change, and human impacts. National Science Foundation LTER grants: DEB-8811764, DEB-9411975, DEB-0080592, DEB-0620443, DEB-1237491, DEB-1832210. hf119-01-ants.csv ants hf119-01-ants.csv 45293 190cb0ea70135bebd9acf3c334c319a7 1 \r\n column , https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p11/hf119/hf119-01-ants.csv date date of collection YYYY-MM-DD transect transect number transect number distance location in meters along transect meter 0.1 real NA missing value trap.no the number of the trap within the transect. Twenty traps total per transect. trap number trap.type the method of collection Pitfall pitfall 1 hour bait one hour bait Hand hand 15 min bait fifteen minute bait Litter litter samples conducted at 30, 60, and 90 meter marks of the transect. Transect 8 had litter samples conducted at 0, 25, and 50 meter marks. genus genus of the ant collected genus species species of the ant collected species spec.code species code species code no.ants number of ants collected of that particular species within the trap number 1 whole NA missing value ref.no reference number reference number caste the role of the ant collected within the colony the role of the ant collected within the colony 636 hf119-02-overstory.csv overstory hf119-02-overstory.csv 18449 15930a12408ac1e80bd9f61d669ccc74 1 \r\n column , https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p11/hf119/hf119-02-overstory.csv date date of collection YYYY-MM-DD transect transect number (all trees measured within 5m of transect (2.5 m either side of transect)) transect number genus genus of the tree sampled genus species species of the tree sampled species spec.code species code species code dbh diameter at breast height of tree sampled centimeter 0.1 real NA missing value condition condition of tree 0 alive 1 dead coppiced coppiced 0 tree is not coppiced 1 tree is coppiced basal.area basal area squareCentimeters 0.01 real NA missing value 372 hf119-03-understory.csv understory hf119-03-understory.csv 24018 aba420588fcb5e99b5bb06f199a6b3fc 1 \r\n column , https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p11/hf119/hf119-03-understory.csv date date of collection YYYY-MM-DD transect transect number transect number distance location in meters along transect meter 0.1 real NA missing value trap.no the number of the trap within the transect that the 50 cm x 50 cm sampling quadrat was centered around. Twenty traps total per transect. trap number genus genus of the plant sampled genus species species of the plant sampled species spec.code species code species code no.stems number of stems sampled of that particular species within the 50 cm x 50 cm quadrat number 1 whole NA missing value 519 hf119-04-canopy-photos.csv canopy photos hf119-04-canopy-photos.csv 1292 0d0eb18f886caac1d1460cf4eb435d93 1 \r\n column , https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p11/hf119/hf119-04-canopy-photos.csv transect transect number (1-8) transect number distance location along transect in meters meter 1 real NA missing value gsf estimated proportion of global radiation (direct plus diffuse) under a plant canopy relative to that in the open number 0.01 real 0 1 NA missing value dsf estimated proportion of direct solar radiation reaching a given location, relative to that in a location with no sky obstruction number 0.01 real 0 1 NA missing value isf estimated proportion of diffuse solar radiation reaching a given location, relative to a location with no sky obstruction number 0.01 real 0 1 NA missing value tot.be estimated total radiation below the canopy megajoulePerMeterSquaredPerYear 1 whole 0 NA missing value dir.be estimated direct radiation below the canopy, corrected for interception surface orientation megajoulePerMeterSquaredPerYear 1 whole 0 NA missing value lai estimated leaf area index for the entire canopy number 0.01 real 0 NA missing value gnd.cover estimated overall fraction of ground covered by canopy number 0.01 real 0 1 NA missing value lai.dev estimated uniformity of the canopy across the image number 0.01 real 0 NA missing value threshold user-specified value used to classify the image into black and white pixels number 1 whole 0 255 NA missing value 25 hf119-05-transect.csv transect information hf119-05-transect.csv 424 60874315b7c43cd1e06bec4bbc6fba0b 1 \r\n column , https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p11/hf119/hf119-05-transect.csv transect transect number (1-8) transect number length.m length of the transect in meters (50 or 100) meter 1 real NA missing value latitude.start latitude of the starting point of the transect degree 0.001 real NA missing value longitude.start longitude of the starting point of the transect degree 0.001 real NA missing value direction direction the transect runs (degrees west of north; declination set at 15 degrees) degree 0.001 real NA missing value vegetation dominant canopy vegetation dominant canopy vegetation NA missing value 8 plot community long-term measurement https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/exist/apps/datasets/showData.html?id=hf147 https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/exist/apps/datasets/showData.html?id=hf118 https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/exist/apps/datasets/showData.html?id=hf105 https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/exist/apps/datasets/showData.html?id=hf106 https://harvardforest.photoshelter.com/galleries/C0000Vw5SXpS_gW8/G0000FobrneSlvtM/Along-Ant-Transects megajoulePerMeterSquaredPerYear