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   <dataset id="HF123">
      <alternateIdentifier system="https://doi.org">doi:10.6073/pasta/aefd890c600efa3736c0d13d7c365b57</alternateIdentifier>
      <title>Canopy LiDAR Measurements in Hemlock Removal Experiment at Harvard Forest 2005</title>
      <creator>
         <individualName>
            <givenName>John</givenName>
            <surName>Weishampel</surName>
         </individualName>
      </creator>
      <creator>
         <individualName>
            <givenName>Teresa</givenName>
            <surName>Riedel</surName>
         </individualName>
      </creator>
      <pubDate>2023</pubDate>
      <language>English</language>
      <abstract>
         <section>
            <para>As the ecological functioning of a forest stand is often related to the spatial organization of the canopy, we used a portable canopy LiDAR (PCL; Parker et al. 2004) to measure volumetric canopy structure in the simulated HWA management treatments.  In September and October 2005, prior to leaf abscission, we set up 16 parallel transects spaced 2 meters apart in the 900 m2 (30 x 30 m) interior of each of the eight treatment plots. The orientation of the transects were either north-south or east-west to minimize the difficulty of traversing the stand. The distances to canopy surfaces more than1 m above the ground along the transects were recorded with the PCL. Assuming a constant horizontal sampling rate, the continual height measures were binned into 1 m intervals.  From these measures, vertical canopy profiles, canopy openness, canopy rugosity, and other metrics related to the three-dimensional structure of the canopy can be derived.  These canopy measures will be repeated minimally at 5 and 15 year intervals to develop an understanding of early structural dynamics and micrometeorological consequences associated with the simulated HWA treatments. (Parker, G.G., D.J. Harding, and M.L. Berger. 2004. A portable LIDAR system for rapid determination of forest canopy structure. Journal of Applied Ecology 41, 755-767).</para>
         </section>
      </abstract>
      <keywordSet>
         <keyword>canopy cover</keyword>
         <keyword>hemlock</keyword>
         <keyword>hemlock woolly adelgid</keyword>
         <keyword>management</keyword>
         <keyword>remote sensing</keyword>
         <keywordThesaurus>LTER controlled vocabulary</keywordThesaurus>
      </keywordSet>
      <keywordSet>
         <keyword>disturbance</keyword>
         <keywordThesaurus>LTER core area</keywordThesaurus>
      </keywordSet>
      <keywordSet>
         <keyword>Harvard Forest</keyword>
         <keyword>HFR</keyword>
         <keyword>LTER</keyword>
         <keyword>USA</keyword>
         <keywordThesaurus>HFR default</keywordThesaurus>
      </keywordSet>
      <intellectualRights>
         <section>
            <para>This dataset is released to the public under Creative Commons CC0 1.0 (No Rights Reserved). Please keep the dataset creators informed of any plans to use the dataset. Consultation with the original investigators is strongly encouraged. Publications and data products that make use of the dataset should include proper acknowledgement.</para>
         </section>
      </intellectualRights>
      <licensed>
         <licenseName>Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal</licenseName>
         <url>https://spdx.org/licenses/CC0-1.0.html</url>
         <identifier>CC0-1.0</identifier>
      </licensed>
      <distribution>
         <online>
            <url function="information">https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/exist/apps/datasets/showData.html?id=hf123</url>
         </online>
      </distribution>
      <coverage>
         <geographicCoverage>
            <geographicDescription>Simes Tract (Harvard Forest). Coordinates based on WGS84 datum.</geographicDescription>
            <boundingCoordinates>
               <westBoundingCoordinate>-72.22</westBoundingCoordinate>
               <eastBoundingCoordinate>-72.21</eastBoundingCoordinate>
               <northBoundingCoordinate>+42.48</northBoundingCoordinate>
               <southBoundingCoordinate>+42.47</southBoundingCoordinate>
               <boundingAltitudes>
                  <altitudeMinimum>200</altitudeMinimum>
                  <altitudeMaximum>240</altitudeMaximum>
                  <altitudeUnits>meter</altitudeUnits>
               </boundingAltitudes>
            </boundingCoordinates>
         </geographicCoverage>
         <temporalCoverage>
            <rangeOfDates>
               <beginDate>
                  <calendarDate>2005</calendarDate>
               </beginDate>
               <endDate>
                  <calendarDate>2005</calendarDate>
               </endDate>
            </rangeOfDates>
         </temporalCoverage>
      </coverage>
      <maintenance>
         <description>
            <para>complete</para>
         </description>
      </maintenance>
      <contact scope="document">
         <positionName>Information Manager</positionName>
         <organizationName>Harvard Forest</organizationName>
         <address scope="document">
            <deliveryPoint>324 North Main Street</deliveryPoint>
            <city>Petersham</city>
            <administrativeArea>MA</administrativeArea>
            <postalCode>01366</postalCode>
            <country>USA</country>
         </address>
         <phone phonetype="voice">(978) 724-3302</phone>
         <electronicMailAddress>hf-im@lists.fas.harvard.edu</electronicMailAddress>
      </contact>
      <publisher scope="document">
         <organizationName>Harvard Forest</organizationName>
         <address scope="document">
            <deliveryPoint>324 North Main Street</deliveryPoint>
            <city>Petersham</city>
            <administrativeArea>MA</administrativeArea>
            <postalCode>01366</postalCode>
            <country>USA</country>
         </address>
         <phone phonetype="voice">(978) 724-3302</phone>
         <phone phonetype="fax">(978) 724-3595</phone>
         <onlineUrl>https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu</onlineUrl>
      </publisher>
      <methods>
         <methodStep>
            <description>
               <section>
                  <para>The LiDAR data file consists of returns binned to 1m along track intervals for the eight hemlock removal plots.  Plot numbers and coordinates correspond to the hemlock removal plot conventions (see HF106). The number of returns for each plot varies as a function of the time it takes to traverse the transects.</para>
               </section>
            </description>
         </methodStep>
      </methods>
      <project>
         <title>Harvard Forest Long-Term Ecological Research</title>
         <personnel>
            <organizationName>Harvard Forest</organizationName>
            <address>
               <deliveryPoint>324 North Main Street</deliveryPoint>
               <city>Petersham</city>
               <administrativeArea>MA</administrativeArea>
               <postalCode>01366</postalCode>
               <country>USA</country>
            </address>
            <phone phonetype="voice">(978) 724-3302</phone>
            <phone phonetype="fax">(978) 724-3595</phone>
            <onlineUrl>https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu</onlineUrl>
            <userId directory="https://ror.org">https://ror.org/059cpzx98</userId>
            <role>pointOfContact</role>
         </personnel>
         <abstract>The Harvard Forest Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) program examines ecological dynamics in the New England region resulting from natural disturbances, environmental change, and human impacts.</abstract>
         <funding>National Science Foundation LTER grants: DEB-8811764, DEB-9411975, DEB-0080592, DEB-0620443, DEB-1237491, DEB-1832210.</funding>
      </project>
      <dataTable id="hf123-01">
         <entityName>hf123-01-lidar.csv</entityName>
         <entityDescription>LiDAR measurements</entityDescription>
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            <distribution>
               <online>
                  <url function="download">https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p12/hf123/hf123-01-lidar.csv</url>
               </online>
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            <attribute id="1239978458997">
               <attributeName>plot</attributeName>
               <attributeDefinition>plot number</attributeDefinition>
               <measurementScale>
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                     <nonNumericDomain>
                        <textDomain>
                           <definition>plot number</definition>
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                  </nominal>
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            <attribute id="1239978459013">
               <attributeName>x</attributeName>
               <attributeDefinition>location of return in west-east direction</attributeDefinition>
               <measurementScale>
                  <interval>
                     <unit>
                        <standardUnit>meter</standardUnit>
                     </unit>
                     <precision>1</precision>
                     <numericDomain>
                        <numberType>whole</numberType>
                     </numericDomain>
                  </interval>
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               <missingValueCode>
                  <code>NA</code>
                  <codeExplanation>missing value</codeExplanation>
               </missingValueCode>
            </attribute>
            <attribute id="1239978459028">
               <attributeName>y</attributeName>
               <attributeDefinition>location of return in south-north direction</attributeDefinition>
               <measurementScale>
                  <interval>
                     <unit>
                        <standardUnit>meter</standardUnit>
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                     <precision>1</precision>
                     <numericDomain>
                        <numberType>whole</numberType>
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               <missingValueCode>
                  <code>NA</code>
                  <codeExplanation>missing value</codeExplanation>
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            <attribute id="1239978459044">
               <attributeName>z</attributeName>
               <attributeDefinition>range from PCL (open sky, i.e. no return, is designated as “NA”)</attributeDefinition>
               <measurementScale>
                  <interval>
                     <unit>
                        <standardUnit>meter</standardUnit>
                     </unit>
                     <precision>0.001</precision>
                     <numericDomain>
                        <numberType>real</numberType>
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                  </interval>
               </measurementScale>
               <missingValueCode>
                  <code>NA</code>
                  <codeExplanation>missing value</codeExplanation>
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            <attribute id="1239978459060">
               <attributeName>r</attributeName>
               <attributeDefinition>amount of pulse return (open sky, i.e. no return, is designated as “NA”)</attributeDefinition>
               <measurementScale>
                  <ratio>
                     <unit>
                        <standardUnit>number</standardUnit>
                     </unit>
                     <precision>1</precision>
                     <numericDomain>
                        <numberType>whole</numberType>
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                  </ratio>
               </measurementScale>
               <missingValueCode>
                  <code>NA</code>
                  <codeExplanation>missing value</codeExplanation>
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         <numberOfRecords>674909</numberOfRecords>
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         <entityDescription>average vertical profiles of HWA treatment</entityDescription>
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               <online>
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               </online>
            </distribution>
         </physical>
         <entityType>image</entityType>
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   <additionalMetadata>
      <metadata>
         <additionalClassifications>
            <researchTopic>plot</researchTopic>
            <studyType>short-term measurement</studyType>
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      </metadata>
   </additionalMetadata>
   <additionalMetadata>
      <metadata>
         <additionalLinks>
            <url name="Understory Vegetation in Hemlock Removal Experiment at Harvard Forest since 2003">https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/exist/apps/datasets/showData.html?id=hf106</url>
         </additionalLinks>
      </metadata>
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