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   <dataset id="HF150">
      <alternateIdentifier system="https://doi.org">doi:10.6073/pasta/ed73b2b6a0bf3475001f2d6bf35f80a6</alternateIdentifier>
      <title>Leaf Area Index at Harvard Forest HEM and LPH Towers since 1998</title>
      <creator>
         <individualName>
            <givenName>David</givenName>
            <surName>Orwig</surName>
         </individualName>
         <userId directory="https://orcid.org">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7822-3560</userId>
      </creator>
      <creator>
         <individualName>
            <givenName>Julian</givenName>
            <surName>Hadley</surName>
         </individualName>
      </creator>
      <associatedParty>
         <individualName>
            <givenName>Mark</givenName>
            <surName>VanScoy</surName>
         </individualName>
         <role>Researcher</role>
      </associatedParty>
      <associatedParty>
         <individualName>
            <givenName>Liza</givenName>
            <surName>Nicoll</surName>
         </individualName>
         <role>Researcher</role>
      </associatedParty>
      <pubDate>2024</pubDate>
      <language>English</language>
      <abstract>
         <section>
            <para>Leaf area index (LAI) measurements are made to detect changes in forest leaf area that are important in understanding forests’ carbon dioxide (CO2) uptake  and water use.  Measurements of LAI in different forest types are useful understanding differences between forests in CO2 uptake and water use, while variation in LAI in the same forest type over time helps to explain interannual variation and long-term trends in carbon storage and water use.  Within a single year, especially for deciduous forests, seasonal changes in LAI are very important in determining the forest’s cycle of CO2 uptake and water use.  LAI measurements at Harvard Forest were begun in the old-growth hemlock stand in 1998 in order to understand and develop a predictive model for its carbon exchange, and were begun at the Little Prospect Hill site in 2002 to better understand CO2 uptake and carbon storage at this site, which were measured by the eddy-covariance method beginning in 2002.  Due to a lack of personnel, multiple annual measurements of LAI to examine seasonal change in leaf area did not begin until 2007.</para>
         </section>
      </abstract>
      <keywordSet>
         <keyword>canopy cover</keyword>
         <keyword>leaf area index</keyword>
         <keyword>leaves</keyword>
         <keywordThesaurus>LTER controlled vocabulary</keywordThesaurus>
      </keywordSet>
      <keywordSet>
         <keyword>primary production</keyword>
         <keywordThesaurus>LTER core area</keywordThesaurus>
      </keywordSet>
      <keywordSet>
         <keyword>Harvard Forest</keyword>
         <keyword>HFR</keyword>
         <keyword>LTER</keyword>
         <keyword>USA</keyword>
         <keywordThesaurus>HFR default</keywordThesaurus>
      </keywordSet>
      <intellectualRights>
         <section>
            <para>This dataset is released to the public under Creative Commons CC0 1.0 (No Rights Reserved). Please keep the dataset creators informed of any plans to use the dataset. Consultation with the original investigators is strongly encouraged. Publications and data products that make use of the dataset should include proper acknowledgement.</para>
         </section>
      </intellectualRights>
      <licensed>
         <licenseName>Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal</licenseName>
         <url>https://spdx.org/licenses/CC0-1.0.html</url>
         <identifier>CC0-1.0</identifier>
      </licensed>
      <distribution>
         <online>
            <url function="information">https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/exist/apps/datasets/showData.html?id=hf150</url>
         </online>
      </distribution>
      <coverage>
         <geographicCoverage>
            <geographicDescription>Prospect Hill Tract (Harvard Forest). Coordinates based on WGS84 datum.</geographicDescription>
            <boundingCoordinates>
               <westBoundingCoordinate>-72.185</westBoundingCoordinate>
               <eastBoundingCoordinate>-72.180</eastBoundingCoordinate>
               <northBoundingCoordinate>+42.542</northBoundingCoordinate>
               <southBoundingCoordinate>+42.539</southBoundingCoordinate>
               <boundingAltitudes>
                  <altitudeMinimum>355</altitudeMinimum>
                  <altitudeMaximum>380</altitudeMaximum>
                  <altitudeUnits>meter</altitudeUnits>
               </boundingAltitudes>
            </boundingCoordinates>
         </geographicCoverage>
         <temporalCoverage>
            <rangeOfDates>
               <beginDate>
                  <calendarDate>1998</calendarDate>
               </beginDate>
               <endDate>
                  <calendarDate>2024</calendarDate>
               </endDate>
            </rangeOfDates>
         </temporalCoverage>
      </coverage>
      <maintenance>
         <description>
            <para>ongoing</para>
         </description>
      </maintenance>
      <contact scope="document">
         <positionName>Information Manager</positionName>
         <organizationName>Harvard Forest</organizationName>
         <address scope="document">
            <deliveryPoint>324 North Main Street</deliveryPoint>
            <city>Petersham</city>
            <administrativeArea>MA</administrativeArea>
            <postalCode>01366</postalCode>
            <country>USA</country>
         </address>
         <phone phonetype="voice">(978) 724-3302</phone>
         <electronicMailAddress>hf-im@lists.fas.harvard.edu</electronicMailAddress>
      </contact>
      <publisher scope="document">
         <organizationName>Harvard Forest</organizationName>
         <address scope="document">
            <deliveryPoint>324 North Main Street</deliveryPoint>
            <city>Petersham</city>
            <administrativeArea>MA</administrativeArea>
            <postalCode>01366</postalCode>
            <country>USA</country>
         </address>
         <phone phonetype="voice">(978) 724-3302</phone>
         <phone phonetype="fax">(978) 724-3595</phone>
         <onlineUrl>https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu</onlineUrl>
      </publisher>
      <methods>
         <methodStep>
            <description>
               <section>
                  <para>Leaf area index is measured with the LAI-2000 canopy analyzer (Licor, Inc., Lincoln, NE, USA).  Data are collected under diffuse-light conditions, either around the time of sunrise or in cloudy weather, with one LAI sensor continuously logging data above the canopy on an eddy flux tower, and measurements with the other sensor made at multiple plots within each forest type - usually 12 plots within the old-growth hemlock forest, and 36 plots on Little Prospect Hill.  For details on the positions of plots, see HF148. Data collected in Hemlock stand in November 1998, August 2009, and November 2009 (planned).  Data collected annually at LPH stand during September 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005 and 2007, and multiple times in 2008 and 2009.</para>
               </section>
            </description>
         </methodStep>
      </methods>
      <project>
         <title>Harvard Forest Long-Term Ecological Research</title>
         <personnel>
            <organizationName>Harvard Forest</organizationName>
            <address>
               <deliveryPoint>324 North Main Street</deliveryPoint>
               <city>Petersham</city>
               <administrativeArea>MA</administrativeArea>
               <postalCode>01366</postalCode>
               <country>USA</country>
            </address>
            <phone phonetype="voice">(978) 724-3302</phone>
            <phone phonetype="fax">(978) 724-3595</phone>
            <onlineUrl>https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu</onlineUrl>
            <userId directory="https://ror.org">https://ror.org/059cpzx98</userId>
            <role>pointOfContact</role>
         </personnel>
         <abstract>The Harvard Forest Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) program examines ecological dynamics in the New England region resulting from natural disturbances, environmental change, and human impacts.</abstract>
         <funding>National Science Foundation LTER grants: DEB-8811764, DEB-9411975, DEB-0080592, DEB-0620443, DEB-1237491, DEB-1832210.</funding>
      </project>
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         <entityDescription>Hemlock leaf area index</entityDescription>
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            <distribution>
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                  <url function="download">https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p15/hf150/hf150-01-hem-lai.csv</url>
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            <attribute id="1255979612598">
               <attributeName>datetime</attributeName>
               <attributeDefinition>date and time</attributeDefinition>
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               <attributeDefinition>date</attributeDefinition>
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                     <formatString>YYYY-MM-DD</formatString>
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               <attributeName>doy</attributeName>
               <attributeDefinition>day of year</attributeDefinition>
               <measurementScale>
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                     <unit>
                        <standardUnit>nominalDay</standardUnit>
                     </unit>
                     <precision>1</precision>
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                        <numberType>whole</numberType>
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            <attribute id="1255979612629">
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               <attributeDefinition>time</attributeDefinition>
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                     <formatString>hh:mm:ss</formatString>
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            <attribute id="1255979612644">
               <attributeName>distance</attributeName>
               <attributeDefinition>distance from tower</attributeDefinition>
               <measurementScale>
                  <ratio>
                     <unit>
                        <standardUnit>meter</standardUnit>
                     </unit>
                     <precision>1</precision>
                     <numericDomain>
                        <numberType>whole</numberType>
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                  </ratio>
               </measurementScale>
               <missingValueCode>
                  <code>NA</code>
                  <codeExplanation>missing value</codeExplanation>
               </missingValueCode>
            </attribute>
            <attribute id="1255979612660">
               <attributeName>transect</attributeName>
               <attributeDefinition>compass direction from Hemlock tower from geographic north</attributeDefinition>
               <measurementScale>
                  <ratio>
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                        <standardUnit>degree</standardUnit>
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                     <precision>1</precision>
                     <numericDomain>
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               <missingValueCode>
                  <code>NA</code>
                  <codeExplanation>missing value</codeExplanation>
               </missingValueCode>
            </attribute>
            <attribute id="1255979612675">
               <attributeName>lai_masked</attributeName>
               <attributeDefinition>leaf area index measurement with the 5th ring masked</attributeDefinition>
               <measurementScale>
                  <ratio>
                     <unit>
                        <standardUnit>dimensionless</standardUnit>
                     </unit>
                     <precision>0.01</precision>
                     <numericDomain>
                        <numberType>real</numberType>
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                  </ratio>
               </measurementScale>
               <missingValueCode>
                  <code>NA</code>
                  <codeExplanation>missing value</codeExplanation>
               </missingValueCode>
            </attribute>
            <attribute id="1255979612691">
               <attributeName>sel</attributeName>
               <attributeDefinition>standard error of mean</attributeDefinition>
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                     <precision>0.01</precision>
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               </measurementScale>
               <missingValueCode>
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                  <codeExplanation>missing value</codeExplanation>
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         <numberOfRecords>310</numberOfRecords>
      </dataTable>
      <dataTable id="hf150-02">
         <entityName>hf150-02-lph-lai.csv</entityName>
         <entityDescription>Little Prospect Hill leaf area index</entityDescription>
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            <distribution>
               <online>
                  <url function="download">https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p15/hf150/hf150-02-lph-lai.csv</url>
               </online>
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               <attributeName>datetime</attributeName>
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               <attributeName>doy</attributeName>
               <attributeDefinition>day of year</attributeDefinition>
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                        <standardUnit>nominalDay</standardUnit>
                     </unit>
                     <precision>1</precision>
                     <numericDomain>
                        <numberType>whole</numberType>
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                  </ratio>
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               <attributeName>time</attributeName>
               <attributeDefinition>time</attributeDefinition>
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            <attribute id="1253123198859">
               <attributeName>distance</attributeName>
               <attributeDefinition>distance from tower</attributeDefinition>
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                     <precision>1</precision>
                     <numericDomain>
                        <numberType>whole</numberType>
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               </measurementScale>
               <missingValueCode>
                  <code>NA</code>
                  <codeExplanation>missing value</codeExplanation>
               </missingValueCode>
            </attribute>
            <attribute id="1253123198874">
               <attributeName>transect</attributeName>
               <attributeDefinition>compass direction from LPH tower from geographic north</attributeDefinition>
               <measurementScale>
                  <interval>
                     <unit>
                        <standardUnit>degree</standardUnit>
                     </unit>
                     <precision>1</precision>
                     <numericDomain>
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            <attribute id="1253123198890">
               <attributeName>lai_unmasked</attributeName>
               <attributeDefinition>unmasked leaf area index measurement</attributeDefinition>
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                     <numericDomain>
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               <missingValueCode>
                  <code>NA</code>
                  <codeExplanation>missing value</codeExplanation>
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               <attributeDefinition>standard error of mean of unmasked measurement</attributeDefinition>
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               </missingValueCode>
            </attribute>
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               <attributeName>lai_masked</attributeName>
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                  <codeExplanation>missing value</codeExplanation>
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         <numberOfRecords>1353</numberOfRecords>
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      <metadata>
         <additionalClassifications>
            <researchTopic>plot</researchTopic>
            <studyType>long-term measurement</studyType>
         </additionalClassifications>
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   </additionalMetadata>
   <additionalMetadata>
      <metadata>
         <additionalLinks>
            <url name="Net Carbon Exchange of an Old-Growth Hemlock Forest at Harvard Forest HEM Tower since 2000">https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/exist/apps/datasets/showData.html?id=hf103</url>
            <url name="Physiological Model of CO2 Exchange by Hemlock Forests at Harvard Forest 1996-2000">https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/exist/apps/datasets/showData.html?id=hf063</url>
            <url name="Soil Respiration at Harvard Forest HEM and LPH Towers 1996-2007">https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/exist/apps/datasets/showData.html?id=hf148</url>
            <url name="Net Carbon Exchange of a Young Upper-Slope Deciduous Forest at Harvard Forest LPH Tower since 2002">https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/exist/apps/datasets/showData.html?id=hf072</url>
         </additionalLinks>
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