uid=HFR,o=lter,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=org all public read doi:10.6073/pasta/ff6e4abe4b47a86ed20eed78ca9b0d2f Brian DeGasperis Glenn Motzkin 2023 English

Despite the recognized importance of historical factors in controlling many native species distributions, few studies have incorporated historical landscape changes into models of invasive species distribution and abundance. We explore the possibility that the current distribution of invasive species may reflect legacies of historical land use despite nearly a century of forest succession and subsequent disturbances. We evaluated the modern distribution and abundance of Berberis thunbergii DC. (Japanese barberry), a problematic non-native shrub in forests of the northeastern U.S., relative to two distinct periods of historical land use, modern forest harvesting activity, and environmental and edaphic characteristics. Species questions addressed in this study include: (1) Do patterns of historical land use influence modern barberry distribution and abundance? (2) What is the influence of disturbance type and timing relative to the timing of introduction on current barberry distribution and abundance? (3) Which disturbance, environmental and edaphic variables best predict modern barberry distribution and abundance? Japanese barberry occurred more frequently and was more abundant in sites historically cleared for agriculture than in historically wooded sites. This relationship was strongest for areas in agriculture in the early 20th century after barberry was introduced to the region. The strong relationship between modern distribution patterns and prior land use suggests historical colonization of abandoned agricultural lands and persistence through subsequent reforestation. Contrary to our expectations, recent forest harvesting did not influence the occurrence or abundance of barberry. Our results indicate that interpretations of both native community composition and modern plant invasions must consider the importance of historical landscape changes and the timing of species introduction along with current environmental and edaphic conditions.

agriculture invasive species land use species abundance timber harvest LTER controlled vocabulary populations disturbance LTER core area Harvard Forest HFR LTER USA HFR default

This dataset is released to the public under Creative Commons CC0 1.0 (No Rights Reserved). Please keep the dataset creators informed of any plans to use the dataset. Consultation with the original investigators is strongly encouraged. Publications and data products that make use of the dataset should include proper acknowledgement.

Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal https://spdx.org/licenses/CC0-1.0.html CC0-1.0 https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/exist/apps/datasets/showData.html?id=hf196 Quabbin Reservoir. Coordinates based on WGS84 datum. -72.35 -72.35 +42.38 +42.38 2005 2005 genus Berberis species thunbergii Japanese barberry complete Information Manager Harvard Forest

324 North Main Street Petersham MA 01366 USA

(978) 724-3302 hf-im@lists.fas.harvard.edu Harvard Forest

324 North Main Street Petersham MA 01366 USA

(978) 724-3302 (978) 724-3595 https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu

Currently forested areas were selected following a stratified random sampling design, with field sites stratified by pre-introduction (1830) land use, post-introduction (1927) land use, and recent harvesting activity (harvested versus unharvested since 1984). Based upon the availability of suitable sites, we randomly sampled 9-11 polygons at least 0.5 ha in each of the resulting strata. Polygons dominated by hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) and spruce were excluded.

159 polygons were sampled for B. thunbergii abundance and environmental and edaphic characteristics. Within each polygon, a series of 2 x 2 m plots (10/ha), separated from each other and the polygon boundary by at least 20 m, were sampled along transects oriented based on polygon shape. Within each plot, the percent cover of B. thunbergii was estimated using a modified Braun-Blaunquet scale and the number of B. thunbergii stems was recorded. If B. thunbergii occurred within a polygon but did not fall into any of the sampled plots, its presence was noted. To characterize overstory vegetation and light conditions, basal area was determined using an angle gauge (10 factor) and canopy cover was measured using a convex spherical densiometer in the southwest corner of transect plots. We measured organic soil (O-horizon) depth and collected samples of 0-15 cm mineral soil from five locations in each polygon. Mineral soils were sampled with a 5 cm x 15 cm cylindrical steel corer. In the laboratory, samples were air dried and sieved to less than 2.0 mm. Mineral samples were analyzed for pH, percent organic matter, exchangeable Ca, Mg, K, Na, total exchange capacity, and Mehlich III extractable P, Mn, Zn, B, Cu, Fe and Al. Soil texture (% sand, silt, and clay) was determined using a hydrometer. Subsamples were ground to less than 250 μm, oven dried at 80 deg C for 24 hours and analyzed for total C and N.

Harvard Forest

324 North Main Street Petersham MA 01366 USA

(978) 724-3302 (978) 724-3595 https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu https://ror.org/059cpzx98 pointOfContact The Harvard Forest Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) program examines ecological dynamics in the New England region resulting from natural disturbances, environmental change, and human impacts. National Science Foundation LTER grants: DEB-8811764, DEB-9411975, DEB-0080592, DEB-0620443, DEB-1237491, DEB-1832210. hf196-01-environment.csv environment hf196-01-environment.csv 15431 f49abccea63bea8a48e3c8ee8590be14 1 \r\n column , https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p19/hf196/hf196-01-environment.csv polygon.id identification code for each polygon identification code for each polygon NA missing value lulc.1830 land use status in 1830 O open W wooded NA missing value lulc.1927 land use status in 1927 A arable P pasture S sproutland (young, regenerating forest) W wooded NA missing value harvested whether or not a polygon was selectively logged between 1984 and 2005 N no Y yes NA missing value date date polygon was sampled YYYY-MM-DD NA missing value harv.year year polygon was logged YYYY NA missing value harv.intensity logging intensity meterCubedPerHectare 0.0001 real NA missing value area area of sampled polygon squareMeter 1 real NA missing value stand.type dominant tree canopy composition 1 white pine 2 white pine/hemlock 3 white pine/hardwood 4 white pine/oak 7 hemlock/hardwood 11 red pine 12 red oak 13 oak/hardwood 14 mixed oak 16 black birch/red maple/black cherry 22 northern hardwood 35 red maple 36 red pine/hardwood 37 white pine/red pine NA missing value drainage mean soil class for polygon; ranges from 1 (excessively drained) to 5 (poor to very poorly drained mean soil class for polygon; ranges from 1 (excessively drained) to 5 (poor to very poorly drained NA missing value slope mean slope of polygon degree 0.0001 real NA missing value aspect mean aspect of polygon (compass degrees) degree 0.0001 real NA missing value dist.bldgs mean distance to 1927 buildings meter 0.0001 real NA missing value dist.roads mean distance to 1927 roads meter 0.0001 real NA missing value dist.lub mean distance to land-use boundaries (stonewalls and fences) meter 0.0001 real NA missing value dist.streams mean distance to streams and wetlands meter 0.0004 real NA missing value 159 hf196-02-soils.csv soils hf196-02-soils.csv 29277 d0928d4da4fb8478885040d73c3a82de 1 \r\n column , https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p19/hf196/hf196-02-soils.csv polygon.id identification code for each polygon identification code for each polygon NA missing value lulc.1830 land use status for 1830 O open W wooded NA missing value lulc.1927 land use status A arable P pasture S sproutland (young, regenerating forest) W wooded NA missing value harvested whether or not a polygon was selectively logged between 1984 and 2005 N no Y yes NA missing value soil.type soil sample type M mineral O organic NA missing value tec total exchange capacity (me/100g) dimensionless 0.01 real NA missing value ph soil ph dimensionless 0.1 real NA missing value org.mat percent organic matter dimensionless 0.01 real NA missing value sol.s soluble sulfur (ppm) dimensionless 1 real NA missing value p phosphorus (ppm) dimensionless 1 real NA missing value ca calcium (ppm) dimensionless 1 real NA missing value mg magnesium (ppm) dimensionless 1 real NA missing value k potassium dimensionless 1 real NA missing value na sodium (ppm) dimensionless 1 real NA missing value base.sat percent base saturation dimensionless 0.01 real NA missing value b boron (ppm) dimensionless 0.01 real NA missing value fe iron (ppm) dimensionless 1 real NA missing value mn manganese (ppm) dimensionless 1 real NA missing value cu copper (ppm) dimensionless 0.01 real NA missing value zn zinc (ppm) dimensionless 0.01 real NA missing value al aluminum (ppm) dimensionless 1 real NA missing value sand percent sand dimensionless 0.01 real NA missing value silt percent silt dimensionless 0.01 real NA missing value clay percent clay dimensionless 0.01 real NA missing value 317 hf196-03-org-depth.csv organic depth hf196-03-org-depth.csv 21255 30456346fe9cb539e84851030c58567e 1 \r\n column , https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p19/hf196/hf196-03-org-depth.csv polygon.id identification code for each polygon identification code for each polygon NA missing value lulc.1830 land use status in 1830 O open W wooded NA missing value lulc.1927 land use status in 1927 A arable P pasture S sproutland (young, regenerating forest) W wooded NA missing value harvested whether or not a polygon was selectively logged between 1984 and 2005 N no Y yes NA missing value date date polygon was sampled YYYY-MM-DD 1 day NA missing value org.depth organic soil (o-horizon) depth centimeter 0.1 real NA missing value 798 hf196-04-trees.csv trees hf196-04-trees.csv 84030 dd5f8b99d587771cd1b488defb347b79 1 \r\n column , https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p19/hf196/hf196-04-trees.csv polygon.id identification code for each polygon identification code for each polygon NA missing value lulc.1830 land use status in 1830 O open W wooded NA missing value lulc.1927 land use status in 1927 A arable P pasture S sproutland (young, regenerating forest) W wooded NA missing value harvested whether or not a polygon was selectively logged between 1984 and 2005 N no Y yes NA missing value date date polygon was sampled YYYY-MM-DD 1 day NA missing value canopy.cover percent canopy cover dimensionless 1 real NA missing value basal.area total tree basal area meterSquaredPerHectare 0.00000001 real NA missing value 2221 hf196-05-barberry.csv barberry hf196-05-barberry.csv 111739 318b658ad61ddf2829635f095533207a 1 \r\n column , https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p19/hf196/hf196-05-barberry.csv polygon.id identification code for each polygon identification code for each polygon NA missing value lulc.1830 land use status in 1830 O open W wooded NA missing value lulc.1927 land use status in 1927 A arable P pasture S sproutland (young, regenerating forest) W wooded NA missing value harvested whether or not a polygon was selectively logged between 1984 and 2005 N no Y yes NA missing value date date polygon was sampled YYYY-MM-DD 1 day NA missing value cover percent barberry cover in a 2 x 2 m sampled plot 0 0% 1 <1% 2 1-3% 3 3-5% 4 5-15% 5 15-25% 6 25-50% 7 50-75% 8 >75% NA missing value stems number of barberry stems in a 2 x 2 m sampled plot number 1 natural NA missing value 4068 hf196-06-prescott-gis.zip Prescott gis hf196-06-prescott-gis.zip 1933593 3a5e4926ec1d0b36ab2e21f5818ae42d zip Esri shapefile https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p19/hf196/hf196-06-prescott-gis.zip vector GIS invasive short-term measurement