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   <dataset id="HF197">
      <alternateIdentifier system="https://doi.org">doi:10.6073/pasta/6f0ac572197eca41899e6f0e3731763f</alternateIdentifier>
      <title>CO2 Profile at Harvard Forest HEM and LPH Towers since 2009</title>
      <creator>
         <individualName>
            <givenName>William</givenName>
            <surName>Munger</surName>
         </individualName>
         <userId directory="https://orcid.org">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1042-8452</userId>
      </creator>
      <creator>
         <individualName>
            <givenName>Julian</givenName>
            <surName>Hadley</surName>
         </individualName>
      </creator>
      <associatedParty>
         <individualName>
            <givenName>Mark</givenName>
            <surName>VanScoy</surName>
         </individualName>
         <role>Researcher</role>
      </associatedParty>
      <associatedParty>
         <individualName>
            <givenName>Liza</givenName>
            <surName>Nicoll</surName>
         </individualName>
         <role>Researcher</role>
      </associatedParty>
      <pubDate>2025</pubDate>
      <language>English</language>
      <abstract>
         <section>
            <para>Carbon dioxide profile measurements are designed to supplement eddy flux measurements in calculating the carbon exchange of a forest.  In the case of the Harvard Forest flux towers, the change in CO2 storage between the ground and the height of the eddy flux system during each half hour must be added to the eddy flux measured above the forest to determine the total carbon exchange.  The profile measurements are also necessary in order to calculate CO2 movement by advection, or horizontal air transport.  The amount of CO2 removed from a particular site by advection is the product of the total CO2 within the air a given range of height above the ground, and the average velocity of airflow parallel to the ground surface within that height range.</para>
         </section>
      </abstract>
      <keywordSet>
         <keyword>carbon dioxide</keyword>
         <keyword>eddy covariance</keyword>
         <keyword>photosynthesis</keyword>
         <keyword>respiration</keyword>
         <keywordThesaurus>LTER controlled vocabulary</keywordThesaurus>
      </keywordSet>
      <keywordSet>
         <keyword>primary production</keyword>
         <keyword>inorganic nutrients</keyword>
         <keywordThesaurus>LTER core area</keywordThesaurus>
      </keywordSet>
      <keywordSet>
         <keyword>Harvard Forest</keyword>
         <keyword>HFR</keyword>
         <keyword>LTER</keyword>
         <keyword>USA</keyword>
         <keywordThesaurus>HFR default</keywordThesaurus>
      </keywordSet>
      <intellectualRights>
         <section>
            <para>This dataset is released to the public under Creative Commons CC0 1.0 (No Rights Reserved). Please keep the dataset creators informed of any plans to use the dataset. Consultation with the original investigators is strongly encouraged. Publications and data products that make use of the dataset should include proper acknowledgement.</para>
         </section>
      </intellectualRights>
      <licensed>
         <licenseName>Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal</licenseName>
         <url>https://spdx.org/licenses/CC0-1.0.html</url>
         <identifier>CC0-1.0</identifier>
      </licensed>
      <distribution>
         <online>
            <url function="information">https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/exist/apps/datasets/showData.html?id=hf197</url>
         </online>
      </distribution>
      <coverage>
         <geographicCoverage>
            <geographicDescription>Prospect Hill Tract (Harvard Forest). Coordinates based on WGS84 datum.</geographicDescription>
            <boundingCoordinates>
               <westBoundingCoordinate>-72.185</westBoundingCoordinate>
               <eastBoundingCoordinate>-72.180</eastBoundingCoordinate>
               <northBoundingCoordinate>+42.542</northBoundingCoordinate>
               <southBoundingCoordinate>+42.539</southBoundingCoordinate>
               <boundingAltitudes>
                  <altitudeMinimum>355</altitudeMinimum>
                  <altitudeMaximum>380</altitudeMaximum>
                  <altitudeUnits>meter</altitudeUnits>
               </boundingAltitudes>
            </boundingCoordinates>
         </geographicCoverage>
         <temporalCoverage>
            <rangeOfDates>
               <beginDate>
                  <calendarDate>2009</calendarDate>
               </beginDate>
               <endDate>
                  <calendarDate>2024</calendarDate>
               </endDate>
            </rangeOfDates>
         </temporalCoverage>
      </coverage>
      <maintenance>
         <description>
            <para>ongoing</para>
         </description>
      </maintenance>
      <contact scope="document">
         <positionName>Information Manager</positionName>
         <organizationName>Harvard Forest</organizationName>
         <address scope="document">
            <deliveryPoint>324 North Main Street</deliveryPoint>
            <city>Petersham</city>
            <administrativeArea>MA</administrativeArea>
            <postalCode>01366</postalCode>
            <country>USA</country>
         </address>
         <phone phonetype="voice">(978) 724-3302</phone>
         <electronicMailAddress>hf-im@lists.fas.harvard.edu</electronicMailAddress>
      </contact>
      <publisher scope="document">
         <organizationName>Harvard Forest</organizationName>
         <address scope="document">
            <deliveryPoint>324 North Main Street</deliveryPoint>
            <city>Petersham</city>
            <administrativeArea>MA</administrativeArea>
            <postalCode>01366</postalCode>
            <country>USA</country>
         </address>
         <phone phonetype="voice">(978) 724-3302</phone>
         <phone phonetype="fax">(978) 724-3595</phone>
         <onlineUrl>https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu</onlineUrl>
      </publisher>
      <methods>
         <methodStep>
            <description>
               <section>
                  <para>LPH Profile. CO2 profile inlets are at 0.1, 0.3, 1, and 2 m above ground on a short tower about 20 m from the flux tower, and 5, 10, 16 and 21 m above ground on the flux tower. 
</para>
                  <para>Hemlock Profile. CO2 profile inlets are at 0.3, 1, and 2 m above ground on a short tower about 20 m from the flux tower, and 5, 10, 16, 22 and 29 m above ground on the flux tower.
</para>
                  <para>For both LPH and Hemlock profiles, during each 30-minute interval, measurements at each of the 8 levels are made every 10 seconds for a period of 3 or 4 minutes, and concentrations during the last two minutes are used to characterize the CO2 concentration at that level.  Data from the first 1 or 2 minutes at each level are discarded, to allow the last air sampled at the previous level, which is still in the tubing at the end of an interval, to pass through the analyzer, insuring that measurements collected are really from the current sampling level.</para>
               </section>
            </description>
         </methodStep>
      </methods>
      <project>
         <title>Harvard Forest Long-Term Ecological Research</title>
         <personnel>
            <organizationName>Harvard Forest</organizationName>
            <address>
               <deliveryPoint>324 North Main Street</deliveryPoint>
               <city>Petersham</city>
               <administrativeArea>MA</administrativeArea>
               <postalCode>01366</postalCode>
               <country>USA</country>
            </address>
            <phone phonetype="voice">(978) 724-3302</phone>
            <phone phonetype="fax">(978) 724-3595</phone>
            <onlineUrl>https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu</onlineUrl>
            <userId directory="https://ror.org">https://ror.org/059cpzx98</userId>
            <role>pointOfContact</role>
         </personnel>
         <abstract>The Harvard Forest Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) program examines ecological dynamics in the New England region resulting from natural disturbances, environmental change, and human impacts.</abstract>
         <funding>National Science Foundation LTER grants: DEB-8811764, DEB-9411975, DEB-0080592, DEB-0620443, DEB-1237491, DEB-1832210.</funding>
      </project>
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            <researchTopic>atmosphere</researchTopic>
            <studyType>long-term measurement</studyType>
            <timeSeries>1,2</timeSeries>
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   <additionalMetadata>
      <metadata>
         <additionalLinks>
            <url name="Net Carbon Exchange of an Old-Growth Hemlock Forest at Harvard Forest HEM Tower since 2000">https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/exist/apps/datasets/showData.html?id=hf103</url>
            <url name="Net Carbon Exchange of a Young Upper-Slope Deciduous Forest at Harvard Forest LPH Tower since 2002">https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/exist/apps/datasets/showData.html?id=hf072</url>
         </additionalLinks>
      </metadata>
   </additionalMetadata>
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