uid=HFR,o=lter,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=org all public read doi:10.6073/pasta/5b5fcc0396264899417391c54e1af025 Matt Fitzpatrick Evan Preisser https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8737-5619 Aaron Ellison https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4151-6081 Researcher Jenna Turner Researcher 2023 English

The hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA), Adelges tsugae Annand (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), has spread rapidly across the eastern USA since its introduction from Japan 60 years ago, causing widespread mortality of both eastern hemlock [Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carriere] and Carolina hemlock [Tsuga caroliniana Engelm. (Pinaceae)]. Although HWA spread patterns have been repeatedly analyzed at regional scales, comparatively little is known about its dispersal potential within and between hemlock stands. As the small size and clonal nature of HWA make it nearly impossible to identify the source populations of dispersing individuals, we simulated intrastand HWA movement in the field by monitoring the movement of clumps of fluorescent powder that are slightly larger than HWA, but much easier to detect in the forest understory. Using three hemlock trees with three colors of fluorescent powder as source populations, we detected dispersal events at the farthest distances within our trapping array (400 m). However, more than 90% of dispersal events were less than 25 m. Dispersal patterns were similar from all three source trees and the distribution of dispersal distances in all cases could be described by lognormal probability density functions with mean dispersal distance of 12-14 m, suggesting that dispersal was relatively independent of location of source trees. In general, we documented tens of thousands of passive dispersal events in the forest understory despite the presence of a dense forest canopy. Thus, even under relatively light-wind conditions, particles of similar dimensions to HWA are capable of intra-stand movement, suggesting that a large population of HWA could rapidly infest other trees within several hundred meter radius, or beyond.

hemlock hemlock woolly adelgid invasive species modeling simulation LTER controlled vocabulary populations disturbance LTER core area Harvard Forest HFR LTER USA HFR default

This dataset is released to the public under Creative Commons CC0 1.0 (No Rights Reserved). Please keep the dataset creators informed of any plans to use the dataset. Consultation with the original investigators is strongly encouraged. Publications and data products that make use of the dataset should include proper acknowledgement.

Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal https://spdx.org/licenses/CC0-1.0.html CC0-1.0 https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/exist/apps/datasets/showData.html?id=hf198 Simes Tract (Harvard Forest). Coordinates based on WGS84 datum. -72.22 -72.21 +42.48 +42.47 200 200 meter 2009 2009 genus Adelges species tsugae hemlock woolly adelgid complete Information Manager Harvard Forest

324 North Main Street Petersham MA 01366 USA

(978) 724-3302 hf-im@lists.fas.harvard.edu Harvard Forest

324 North Main Street Petersham MA 01366 USA

(978) 724-3302 (978) 724-3595 https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu

For detailed methods, please see: Turner, J. L., M. C. Fitzpatrick, and E. L. Preisser. 2011. Simulating the dispersal of hemlock woolly adelgid in the temperate forest understory. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 141:216–223.

Harvard Forest

324 North Main Street Petersham MA 01366 USA

(978) 724-3302 (978) 724-3595 https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu https://ror.org/059cpzx98 pointOfContact The Harvard Forest Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) program examines ecological dynamics in the New England region resulting from natural disturbances, environmental change, and human impacts. National Science Foundation LTER grants: DEB-8811764, DEB-9411975, DEB-0080592, DEB-0620443, DEB-1237491, DEB-1832210. hf198-01-plotmap.csv plotmap hf198-01-plotmap.csv 2612 605a16f8bbab18aa0b5e1edea7029d0d 1 \r\n column , https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p19/hf198/hf198-01-plotmap.csv id id ID x x coordinate meter 0.01 real NA missing value y y coordinate meter 0.01 real NA missing value 141 hf198-02-powder-data.txt amount of powder trapped of each color for the two sampling periods hf198-02-powder-data.txt 136298 b744c8ee0db09fbc34affe968a6dedb5 none text https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p19/hf198/hf198-02-powder-data.txt document hf198-03-mle-powder.txt R code used to fit dispersal probability density functions using maximum likelihood. hf198-03-mle-powder.txt 7573 8dcf1cdcc1277128b512ef7786e05992 none R script https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p19/hf198/hf198-03-mle-powder.txt script informatics invasive regional short-term measurement modeling