uid=HFR,o=lter,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=org all public read doi:10.6073/pasta/7c20560f06b7080b3d58b89d13a27d0f Joel Carlson Audrey Barker Plotkin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4473-9785 David Foster https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1171-3762 Researcher William Patterson Researcher 2023 English

Wind disturbance profoundly shapes temperate forests but few studies have evaluated patterns and mechanisms of long-term forest dynamics following major windthrows. In 1990, we initiated a large hurricane simulation experiment in a 0.8 ha manipulation (pulldown) and 0.6 ha control area of a maturing Quercus rubra-Acer rubrum forest in New England. We toppled 276 trees in the pulldown, using a winch and cable, in the northwesterly direction of natural treefall from major hurricanes. Eighty percent of canopy trees and two-thirds of all trees greater than 5 cm dbh suffered direct and indirect damage. An enormous input of dead wood was one result of the manipulation. Many perceive an increased risk of wildfire after trees are blown down, but this depends on the amount, size, and persistence of the dead wood inputs.

hurricane damage tree maps tree mortality vegetation dynamics wind LTER controlled vocabulary disturbance LTER core area Harvard Forest HFR LTER USA HFR default

This dataset is released to the public under Creative Commons CC0 1.0 (No Rights Reserved). Please keep the dataset creators informed of any plans to use the dataset. Consultation with the original investigators is strongly encouraged. Publications and data products that make use of the dataset should include proper acknowledgement.

Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal https://spdx.org/licenses/CC0-1.0.html CC0-1.0 https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/exist/apps/datasets/showData.html?id=hf207 Tom Swamp Tract (Harvard Forest). Coordinates based on WGS84 datum. -72.20 -72.20 +42.49 +42.49 310 310 meter 1993 2020 genus Acer species rubrum red maple genus Betula species lenta black birch genus Quercus species rubra red oak ongoing Information Manager Harvard Forest

324 North Main Street Petersham MA 01366 USA

(978) 724-3302 hf-im@lists.fas.harvard.edu Harvard Forest

324 North Main Street Petersham MA 01366 USA

(978) 724-3302 (978) 724-3595 https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu

Dead wood volumes were estimated using data from a fuel-loading survey. We followed planar intersect methods of Brown (Brown, J. K. 1974. Handbook for inventorying downed woody material. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report INT-16.), except that rooted (but dead) pieces were included (e.g. partially uprooted trees and their branches). Downed woody material was tallied in size classes categorized by how long they take to dry: 1-hour fuels = 0-0.6 cm. 10-hour fuels = 0.6-2.5 cm. 100-hour fuels = 2.5-7.6 cm. 1000-hour fuels are greater than 7.6 cm, and their individual diameters are measured, and were additionally classified as "sound" or "rotten." In 1993, twelve 16 m long planar transects were sampled in the pulldown, and sixteen in the control. Pieces greater than 7.6 cm were tallied along the entire transect, whereas fine fuels (1, 10 and 100-hour categories) were tallied along the first 10m of each transect. The downed wood pieces were also categorized by height above the ground (0-0.25m; 0.25-0.50m; 0.5-1.0m; 1.0-2.0m; greater than 2m). In addition, fuel depth (distance from the base of the litter to the highest intersection of downed, dead wood at the point) and duff depth (distance from the base of the litter to the top of the mineral soil) were recorded at 0m, 5m and 10m along each transect. In 1993, duff depth was measured only at 0m and 5m. This survey was repeated in 1998, 2010, 2015, and 2020. Volume of coarse woody debris can be calculated from pieces greater than 7.6 cm diameter, which corresponds to the "1000-hour" category.

Harvard Forest

324 North Main Street Petersham MA 01366 USA

(978) 724-3302 (978) 724-3595 https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu https://ror.org/059cpzx98 pointOfContact The Harvard Forest Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) program examines ecological dynamics in the New England region resulting from natural disturbances, environmental change, and human impacts. National Science Foundation LTER grants: DEB-8811764, DEB-9411975, DEB-0080592, DEB-0620443, DEB-1237491, DEB-1832210. hf207-01-cwd.csv coarse woody debris hf207-01-cwd.csv 26133 ffa5fbfa0c06839853da5d755f4f766d 1 \r\n column , https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p20/hf207/hf207-01-cwd.csv year year YYYY plot plot Control control Pulldown pulldown tran transect (1-12 in the Pulldown; 1-16 in the Control) transect t.length transect length, which is 16 m in all cases meter 1 whole NA missing value diameter.1 diameter of the downed wood piece where it intersects the transect centimeter 0.1 real NA missing value diameter.2 diameter of the downed wood piece measured perpendicular to diameter.1 centimeter 0.1 real NA missing value diameter.avg elliptical average of diameter.1 and diameter.2 centimeter 0.1 real NA missing value decay.cl decay class rotten rotten sound sound height height 1 0-0.25m above the ground 2 0.25-0.5m above the ground 3 0.5 – 1.0m above the ground 4 1.0-2.0m above the ground 5 more than 2m above the ground species species. Recorded beginning in 2010; some rotten pieces' species weren’t identifiable ACRU Acer rubrum BELE Betula lenta BEPA Betula papyrifera CADE Castanea dentata CASP Carya species FRAM Fraxinus americana PIST Pinus strobus QURU Quercus rubra volume volume. Calculated using equation 7 from Harmon & Sexton (Harmon, M.E. and J. Sexton. 1996. Guidelines for measurements of woody detritus in forest ecosystems) to determine the volume: V = 9.869 * Sum of (d2/8L), where V is volume (m3/m2) d is round diameter divided by 100 (to give diameter in meters) L is transect length (m) meterCubedPerMeterSquared 0.000000001 real NA missing value 479 hf207-02-fine-fuels.csv fine fuels hf207-02-fine-fuels.csv 50310 5d3f5a326ce9c16ce8675d51546f87fe 1 \r\n column , https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p20/hf207/hf207-02-fine-fuels.csv year year YYYY plot plot Control control Pulldown pulldown transect transect (1-12 in the Pulldown; 1-16 in the Control) transect size.class size class 1 0-0.6 cm 10 0.6-2.5 cm 100 2.5-7.6 cm height height 1 0-0.25m above the ground 2 0.25-0.5m above the ground 3 0.5 – 1.0m above the ground 4 1.0-2.0m above the ground 5 more than 2m above the ground number number of pieces in that combination of size and height class number 1 whole NA missing value 2100 hf207-03-fuel-duff.csv transect locations, fuel depth & duff depth hf207-03-fuel-duff.csv 14132 64dca47031f51df9edd7fcf51e83143a 1 \r\n column , https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p20/hf207/hf207-03-fuel-duff.csv year year YYYY plot plot Control control Pulldown pulldown transect transect (1-12 in the Pulldown; 1-16 in the Control) transect location Location (0m, 5m or 10m along the transect) meter 1 whole NA missing value fuel.depth fuel depth, in centimeters. The distance from the base of the litter to the highest intersection of downed, dead wood at the point location along the transect. centimeter 1 whole NA missing value duff.depth duff depth, in millimeters. The distance from the base of the litter to the top of the mineral soil at the point location along the transect millimeter 1 whole NA missing value start.x X coordinate of the starting point of the transect, based on the plot grid within the pulldown or control, 0-50m meter 1 whole NA missing value start.y Y coordinate of the starting point of the transect, based on the plot grid within the pulldown or control, 0-160m for the pulldown, or 0-120m for the control. meter 1 whole NA missing value azimuth direction of the transect, 0-359 degrees degree 1 whole NA missing value 420 plot community long-term measurement https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/exist/apps/datasets/showData.html?id=hf101 https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/exist/apps/datasets/showData.html?id=hf052 https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/exist/apps/datasets/showData.html?id=hf002