uid=HFR,o=lter,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=org all public read doi:10.6073/pasta/2185cf793a9390d8d7f9e890e9f675f9 Andrew Richardson https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0148-6714 Michael Toomey Dennis Baldocchi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3496-4919 Researcher Carl Bernacchi Researcher Sebastien Biraud https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7697-933X Researcher Gil Bohrer https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9209-9540 Researcher Edward Brzostek https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2964-0576 Researcher Sean Burns Researcher Carole Coursolle Researcher Mark Friedl https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6899-2948 Researcher Steve Frolking Researcher David Hollinger https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4284-1575 Researcher Koen Hufkens https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5070-8109 Researcher Stephen Klosterman https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8542-2784 Researcher Hank Margolis Researcher Harry McCaughey Researcher Russell Monson Researcher William Munger https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1042-8452 Researcher Stephen Pallardy Researcher Richard Phillips https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1345-4138 Researcher Oliver Sonnentag Researcher Margaret Torn Researcher Sonia Wharton https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0192-5668 Researcher Marcelo Zeri Researcher 2023 English

This data set contains camera-derived color index data, which serve as a proxy for canopy phenology. The data set spans 13 geographically distinct research sites, including 17 different cameras it total, each of which was mounted on a eddy flux tower for intercomparison of canopy and photosynthesis phenology. Each site was dominated by one of three PFTs: deciduous broadleaf forest, evergreen needleleaf forest, and grassland/crops (see HF215-01 for details). On each eddy covariance tower, a digital camera was installed in a fixed position, with a view across the top of the canopy. Most cameras collected photos, which were saved in 24-bit JPEG format, at 30-60 minute intervals, 12-24 hours a day. Time series were first visually inspected for camera shifts and changes in field of view. Noting these changes, we processed the image archives to extract regions of interest (ROI) that encompassed all portions of the full canopy within the foreground. To quantify canopy greenness, we calculated the green chromatic coordinate (GCC), which is widely used to monitor canopy development and identify phenological phase changes, as follows: GCC = DNG / (DNR + DNG + DNB) where DN is the digital number and R, G and B denote the red, green and blue channels, respectively. The Excess Green (ExG) index was then calclated as follows: ExG = 2 * DNG - (DNR + DNB) To characterize canopy coloration in fall, the red chromatic coordinate (RCC) was calculated using the same form as GCC, substituting DNR in the numerator. Indices have been smoothed along a 3-day interval, using a 90th percentile filter (Sonnentag et al. 2012). For each deciduous broadleaf site, there are three files – one each for GCC, ExG and RCC. For the grassland and evergreen needleleaf sites, there are two files, one each for GCC and ExG.

aboveground production canopies imagery leaves phenology remote sensing LTER controlled vocabulary primary production LTER core area Harvard Forest HFR LTER USA HFR default

This dataset is released to the public under Creative Commons CC0 1.0 (No Rights Reserved). Please keep the dataset creators informed of any plans to use the dataset. Consultation with the original investigators is strongly encouraged. Publications and data products that make use of the dataset should include proper acknowledgement.

Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal https://spdx.org/licenses/CC0-1.0.html CC0-1.0 https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/exist/apps/datasets/showData.html?id=hf215 North America. Coordinates based on WGS84 datum. -121.9521 -71.2881 +49.6924 +36.6970 80 3055 meter 2003 2012 complete Information Manager Harvard Forest

324 North Main Street Petersham MA 01366 USA

(978) 724-3302 hf-im@lists.fas.harvard.edu Harvard Forest

324 North Main Street Petersham MA 01366 USA

(978) 724-3302 (978) 724-3595 https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu

This study contains data from the EMS tower at Harvard Forest (HF004, HF158). All original camera imagery data are located at http://phenocam.sr.unh.edu. Eddy covariance data for each of the sites can be obtained from the Ameriflux network: http://ameriflux.lbl.gov/. For additional details, see: Toomey, M. et al. 2014. Greenness indices from digital cameras predict the timing and seasonal dynamics of canopy-scale photosynthesis. Ecological Applications.

Harvard Forest

324 North Main Street Petersham MA 01366 USA

(978) 724-3302 (978) 724-3595 https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu https://ror.org/059cpzx98 pointOfContact The Harvard Forest Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) program examines ecological dynamics in the New England region resulting from natural disturbances, environmental change, and human impacts. National Science Foundation LTER grants: DEB-8811764, DEB-9411975, DEB-0080592, DEB-0620443, DEB-1237491, DEB-1832210. hf215-01-sites.csv site information hf215-01-sites.csv 1894 6ada96db7d137b291c159ee8cd6f0bf7 1 \r\n column , https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p21/hf215/hf215-01-sites.csv site site name site name pft plant functional type DBF broadleaf deciduous forest, ENF evergreen needleleaf forest GRS grassland/crops lat latitude meter 0.0001 real NA missing value long longitude meter 0.0001 real NA missing value alt altitude meter 1 whole NA missing value loc site location site location NA missing value start.year first year of data YYYY NA missing value end.year last year of data YYYY NA missing value camera camera model camera model NA missing value citation ciation ciation NA missing value 17 hf215-02-gcc.csv green chromatic coordinate hf215-02-gcc.csv 330444 39dd33509be7cc8528fd554800ef7b20 1 \r\n column , https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p21/hf215/hf215-02-gcc.csv site site name site name year year YYYY doy day of year nominalDay 1 natural gcc green chromatic coordinate dimensionless 0.00001 real NA missing value 11721 hf215-03-rcc.csv red chromatic coordinate hf215-03-rcc.csv 86838 ad78c68917d39aa3698ac11428157398 1 \r\n column , https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p21/hf215/hf215-03-rcc.csv site site name site name year year YYYY doy day of year nominalDay 1 natural rcc red chromatic coordinate dimensionless 0.000001 real NA missing value 2998 hf215-04-exg.csv excess green indices hf215-04-exg.csv 198228 58a8726523278134319f660f97590215 1 \r\n column , https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p21/hf215/hf215-04-exg.csv site site name site name year year YYYY doy day of year nominalDay 1 natural exg excess green indices. Indices have been smoothed along a 3-day interval, using a 90th percentile filter. dimensionless 0.0001 real NA missing value 7453 informatics atmosphere regional long-term measurement https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/exist/apps/datasets/showData.html?id=hf004 https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/exist/apps/datasets/showData.html?id=hf158