uid=HFR,o=lter,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=org all public read doi:10.6073/pasta/256969c14bf179f30bc8562f17c33f54 Glenn Motzkin Martha Hoopes 2023 English

The objectives of this study were to: (1) Inventory the vascular flora of the former Petersham Country Club (now the Harvard Farm). (2) Collect voucher specimens for the HF Herbarium of species that were not previously documented from Harvard Forest, or that were found historically at HF but were not recorded in 2004–2007 by Jenkins et al. (2008). (3) Establish and sample a series of permanent plots to characterize current vegetation composition, and to enable evaluation of vegetation change over time. (4) Sample soils within permanent plots to document initial conditions and to facilitate future work on soil dynamics and ecosystem processes.

habitats history inventories plant species vegetation dynamics LTER controlled vocabulary populations LTER core area Harvard Forest HFR LTER USA HFR default

This dataset is released to the public under Creative Commons CC0 1.0 (No Rights Reserved). Please keep the dataset creators informed of any plans to use the dataset. Consultation with the original investigators is strongly encouraged. Publications and data products that make use of the dataset should include proper acknowledgement.

Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal https://spdx.org/licenses/CC0-1.0.html CC0-1.0 https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/exist/apps/datasets/showData.html?id=hf236 Harvard Farm (Harvard Forest). Coordinates based on WGS84 datum. -72.23 -72.16 +42.55 +42.44 345 375 meter 2014 2014 complete Information Manager Harvard Forest

324 North Main Street Petersham MA 01366 USA

(978) 724-3302 hf-im@lists.fas.harvard.edu Harvard Forest

324 North Main Street Petersham MA 01366 USA

(978) 724-3302 (978) 724-3595 https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu

Field inventories were conducted from June through September 2014. Meander surveys were conducted in each of the major grassland areas (i.e., former fairways and putting greens) and each of the woodlands or brushy areas, recording all vascular plant species that appeared to be naturally established. Species lists were recorded within the Sample Areas indicated on the map below. All areas were visited at least once, and most sections were visited both early and late in the growing season. Species that spread from plantings and appeared to be naturalized at the site were noted; no attempt was made to inventory numerous planted species that did not show clear evidence of having become naturalized at the site. Voucher specimens were deposited at the Harvard Forest Herbarium of species that: (1) had not previously been reported from Harvard Forest, or (2) were reported historically but were not found in an inventory of Harvard Forest in 2004–2007 (Jenkins et al. 2008). Nomenclature and taxonomy follow Haines (2011).

In order to document vegetation composition and abundance prior to agricultural grazing or mowing, a series of permanent plots was established across the former PCC lands. All plots were 10 m x 10 m and were subjectively located within areas of relatively uniform vegetation. A total of 27 plots were distributed as follows: 12 plots in grasslands on former fairways (four each in areas to be used for ‘traditional grazing’, ‘intensive, rotational grazing’, and ‘hayfield’); nine plots on former putting greens (one on each green); and six plots in recently cut woodlands or brushy areas across the site. A compass and tape measure were used to lay out plots oriented to the cardinal directions, and corners were adjusted as needed by measuring the plot diagonals. All plot corners were permanently marked with 2-foot rebar with aluminum caps stamped to indicate the plot number and corner (i.e., 1-SW, 1-SE, etc.). Permanent markers were driven flush to the ground, and a painted 4’ fiberglass rod was placed at the southwest corner of each plot to facilitate plot relocation. Minor (less than 0.5 m) shifting of the location of permanent markers was occasionally needed to successfully drive rebar into rocky soils. Coordinates of the southwest corner of each plot were recorded using a Garmin 60 CSx GPS unit. In each plot, all vascular plant species were recorded and the cover of each species estimated within the following classes: A=less than 1%; B=1–3%; C=4–5%; D=6–15%; E=16–25%; F=26–50%; G=51–75%; H=greater than 75%). These classes were also used to estimate the cover of woody debris/leaf litter, rocks, and mineral soil within each plot. All plots were sampled prior to the initiation of grazing or mowing in mid-to-late summer 2014. However, because plots were sampled over a period of approximately two months, the ability to identify some taxa varied among plots. In particular, some taxa were identifiable to species only when reproductive material was present. As a result, grouping of taxa within the following genera is recommended for data analyses: Agrostis, Digitaria, Epilobium, Hieracium, Plantago, and Taraxacum. Estimates of the cover of grass species should also be used with caution because plots were sampled after the dominant grasses (especially Agrostis spp. and Poa pratensis) were ‘matted down’, making it difficult to accurately estimate cover. In each plot, Brian Hall collected two mineral soil samples in summer 2014 (one each within one meter of the SW and NE corners). A cylindrical bulb planter (2.5” diameter) was used to collect surface mineral soils to a depth of 4.5” for analysis of soil texture, nutrients, and bulk density.

Harvard Forest

324 North Main Street Petersham MA 01366 USA

(978) 724-3302 (978) 724-3595 https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu https://ror.org/059cpzx98 pointOfContact The Harvard Forest Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) program examines ecological dynamics in the New England region resulting from natural disturbances, environmental change, and human impacts. National Science Foundation LTER grants: DEB-8811764, DEB-9411975, DEB-0080592, DEB-0620443, DEB-1237491, DEB-1832210. hf236-01-sample-area-flora.csv sample area flora hf236-01-sample-area-flora.csv 25966 29900928480e61af6da88fd8c71e13c5 1 \r\n column , https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p23/hf236/hf236-01-sample-area-flora.csv species nomenclature follows Haines(2011) nomenclature follows Haines(2011) NA missing value status whether species is considered native or exotic whether species is considered native or exotic NA missing value sa.01 whether or not species was observed in sample area 01 0 absent 1 present NA missing value sa.02 whether or not species was observed in sample area 02 0 absent 1 present NA missing value sa.03 whether or not species was observed in sample area 03 0 absent 1 present NA missing value sa.04 whether or not species was observed in sample area 04 0 absent 1 present NA missing value sa.05 whether or not species was observed in sample area 05 0 absent 1 present NA missing value sa.06 whether or not species was observed in sample area 06 0 absent 1 present NA missing value sa.07 whether or not species was observed in sample area 07 0 absent 1 present NA missing value sa.08 whether or not species was observed in sample area 08 0 absent 1 present NA missing value sa.09 whether or not species was observed in sample area 09 0 absent 1 present NA missing value sa.10 whether or not species was observed in sample area 10 0 absent 1 present NA missing value sa.11 whether or not species was observed in sample area 11 0 absent 1 present NA missing value sa.12 whether or not species was observed in sample area 12 0 absent 1 present NA missing value sa.13 whether or not species was observed in sample area 13 0 absent 1 present NA missing value sa.14 whether or not species was observed in sample area 14 0 absent 1 present NA missing value sa.15 whether or not species was observed in sample area 15 0 absent 1 present NA missing value sa.16 whether or not species was observed in sample area 16 0 absent 1 present NA missing value sa.17 whether or not species was observed in sample area 17 0 absent 1 present NA missing value sa.18 whether or not species was observed in sample area 18 0 absent 1 present NA missing value sa.19 whether or not species was observed in sample area 19 0 absent 1 present NA missing value sa.20 whether or not species was observed in sample area 20 0 absent 1 present NA missing value 369 hf236-02-voucher-specimens.csv voucher specimens hf236-02-voucher-specimens.csv 11987 c9ba340036a7948a82d808945368a36f 1 \r\n column , https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p23/hf236/hf236-02-voucher-specimens.csv barcode barcode number assigned to specimens deposited at Harvard Forest Herbarium barcode number assigned to specimens deposited at Harvard Forest Herbarium NA missing value genus nomenclature follows Haines(2011) nomenclature follows Haines(2011) NA missing value species nomenclature follows Haines(2011) nomenclature follows Haines(2011) NA missing value date date the specimen was collected YYYY-MM-DD 1 day NA missing value collector name of individual(s) who collected the specimen name of individual(s) who collected the specimen NA missing value town town where specimen was collected town where specimen was collected NA missing value state state where specimen was collected state where specimen was collected NA missing value location.notes notes on the specific collection location notes on the specific collection location NA missing value other.notes other notes recorded about specimen other notes recorded about specimen NA missing value 72 hf236-03-permanent-plots.csv permanent plots hf236-03-permanent-plots.csv 1188 8012b6ddc2413f9cdb8cb3380c06a2e7 1 \r\n column , https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p23/hf236/hf236-03-permanent-plots.csv plot plot number plot number NA missing value type type of area in which plot was established type of area in which plot was established NA missing value latitude latitude of southwest corner of plot degree 0.000000001 real NA missing value longitude longitude of southwest corner of plot degree 0.000000001 real NA missing value 27 hf236-04-plot-substrates.csv plot substrates hf236-04-plot-substrates.csv 426 13189fc9f317e465c6e841ebd615bf2b 1 \r\n column , https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p23/hf236/hf236-04-plot-substrates.csv substrates cover of leaf litter (including woody debris), rocks, and exposed mineral soil in plot cover of leaf litter (including woody debris), rocks, and exposed mineral soil in plot NA missing value plot.01 cover of substrate within a plot A <1% B 1-3% C 4–5% D 6-15% E 16-25% F 26-50% G 51-75% H >75% 0 absent NA missing value plot.02 cover of substrate within a plot A <1% B 1-3% C 4-5% D 6-15% E 16-25% F 26-50% G 51-75% H >75% 0 absent NA missing value plot.03 cover of substrate within a plot A <1% B 1-3% C 4-5% D 6-15% E 16-25% F 26-50% G 51-75% H >75% 0 absent NA missing value plot.04 cover of substrate within a plot A <1% B 1-3% C 4-5% D 6-15% E 16-25% F 26-50% G 51-75% H >75% 0 absent NA missing value plot.05 cover of substrate within a plot A <1% B 1-3% C 4-5% D 6-15% E 16-25% F 26-50% G 51-75% H >75% 0 absent NA missing value plot.06 cover of substrate within a plot A <1% B 1-3% C 4-5% D 6-15% E 16-25% F 26-50% G 51-75% H >75% 0 absent NA missing value plot.07 cover of substrate within a plot A <1% B 1-3% C 4-5% D 6-15% E 16-25% F 26-50% G 51-75% H >75% 0 absent NA missing value plot.08 cover of substrate within a plot A <1% B 1-3% C 4-5% D 6-15% E 16-25% F 26-50% G 51-75% H >75% 0 absent NA missing value plot.09 cover of substrate within a plot A <1% B 1-3% C 4-5% D 6-15% E 16-25% F 26-50% G 51-75% H >75% 0 absent NA missing value plot.10 cover of substrate within a plot A <1% B 1-3% C 4-5% D 6-15% E 16-25% F 26-50% G 51-75% H >75% 0 absent NA missing value plot.11 cover of substrate within a plot A <1% B 1-3% C 4-5% D 6-15% E 16-25% F 26-50% G 51-75% H >75% 0 absent NA missing value plot.12 cover of substrate within a plot A <1% B 1-3% C 4-5% D 6-15% E 16-25% F 26-50% G 51-75% H >75% 0 absent NA missing value plot.13 cover of substrate within a plot A <1% B 1-3% C 4-5% D 6-15% E 16-25% F 26-50% G 51-75% H >75% 0 absent NA missing value plot.14 cover of substrate within a plot A <1% B 1-3% C 4-5% D 6-15% E 16-25% F 26-50% G 51-75% H >75% 0 absent NA missing value plot.15 cover of substrate within a plot A <1% B 1-3% C 4-5% D 6-15% E 16-25% F 26-50% G 51-75% H >75% 0 absent NA missing value plot.16 cover of substrate within a plot A <1% B 1-3% C 4-5% D 6-15% E 16-25% F 26-50% G 51-75% H >75% 0 absent NA missing value plot.17 cover of substrate within a plot A <1% B 1-3% C 4-5% D 6-15% E 16-25% F 26-50% G 51-75% H >75% 0 absent NA missing value plot.18 cover of substrate within a plot A <1% B 1-3% C 4-5% D 6-15% E 16-25% F 26-50% G 51-75% H >75% 0 absent NA missing value plot.19 cover of substrate within a plot A <1% B 1-3% C 4-5% D 6-15% E 16-25% F 26-50% G 51-75% H >75% 0 absent NA missing value plot.20 cover of substrate within a plot A <1% B 1-3% C 4-5% D 6-15% E 16-25% F 26-50% G 51-75% H >75% 0 absent NA missing value plot.21 cover of substrate within a plot A <1% B 1-3% C 4-5% D 6-15% E 16-25% F 26-50% G 51-75% H >75% 0 absent NA missing value plot.22 cover of substrate within a plot A <1% B 1-3% C 4-5% D 6-15% E 16-25% F 26-50% G 51-75% H >75% 0 absent NA missing value plot.23 cover of substrate within a plot A <1% B 1-3% C 4-5% D 6-15% E 16-25% F 26-50% G 51-75% H >75% 0 absent NA missing value plot.24 cover of substrate within a plot A <1% B 1-3% C 4-5% D 6-15% E 16-25% F 26-50% G 51-75% H >75% 0 absent NA missing value plot.25 cover of substrate within a plot A <1% B 1-3% C 4-5% D 6-15% E 16-25% F 26-50% G 51-75% H >75% 0 absent NA missing value plot.26 cover of substrate within a plot A <1% B 1-3% C 4-5% D 6-15% E 16-25% F 26-50% G 51-75% H >75% 0 absent NA missing value plot.27 cover of substrate within a plot A <1% B 1-3% C 4-5% D 6-15% E 16-25% F 26-50% G 51-75% H >75% 0 absent NA missing value 3 hf236-05-plot-flora.csv plot flora hf236-05-plot-flora.csv 13282 824e0966a68b0506e619f1c8dec854d1 1 \r\n column , https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p23/hf236/hf236-05-plot-flora.csv species nomenclature follows Haines (2011) species: nomenclature follows Haines (2011) NA missing value plot.01 cover of species within a plot A <1% B 1-3% C 4-5% D 6-15% E 16-25% F 26-50% G 51-75% H >75% 0 absent NA missing value plot.02 cover of species within a plot A <1% B 1-3% C 4-5% D 6-15% E 16-25% F 26-50% G 51-75% H >75% 0 absent NA missing value plot.03 cover of species within a plot A <1% B 1-3% C 4-5% D 6-15% E 16-25% F 26-50% G 51-75% H >75% 0 absent NA missing value plot.04 cover of species within a plot A <1% B 1-3% C 4-5% D 6-15% E 16-25% F 26-50% G 51-75% H >75% 0 absent NA missing value plot.05 cover of species within a plot A <1% B 1-3% C 4-5% D 6-15% E 16-25% F 26-50% G 51-75% H >75% 0 absent NA missing value plot.06 cover of species within a plot A <1% B 1-3% C 4-5% D 6-15% E 16-25% F 26-50% G 51-75% H >75% 0 absent NA missing value plot.07 cover of species within a plot A <1% B 1-3% C 4-5% D 6-15% E 16-25% F 26-50% G 51-75% H >75% 0 absent NA missing value plot.08 cover of species within a plot A <1% B 1-3% C 4-5% D 6-15% E 16-25% F 26-50% G 51-75% H >75% 0 absent NA missing value plot.09 cover of species within a plot A <1% B 1-3% C 4-5% D 6-15% E 16-25% F 26-50% G 51-75% H >75% 0 absent NA missing value plot.10 cover of species within a plot A <1% B 1-3% C 4-5% D 6-15% E 16-25% F 26-50% G 51-75% H >75% 0 absent NA missing value plot.11 cover of species within a plot A <1% B 1-3% C 4-5% D 6-15% E 16-25% F 26-50% G 51-75% H >75% 0 absent NA missing value plot.12 cover of species within a plot A <1% B 1-3% C 4-5% D 6-15% E 16-25% F 26-50% G 51-75% H >75% 0 absent NA missing value plot.13 cover of species within a plot A <1% B 1-3% C 4-5% D 6-15% E 16-25% F 26-50% G 51-75% H >75% 0 absent NA missing value plot.14 cover of species within a plot A <1% B 1-3% C 4-5% D 6-15% E 16-25% F 26-50% G 51-75% H >75% 0 absent NA missing value plot.15 cover of species within a plot A <1% B 1-3% C 4-5% D 6-15% E 16-25% F 26-50% G 51-75% H >75% 0 absent NA missing value plot.16 cover of species within a plot A <1% B 1-3% C 4-5% D 6-15% E 16-25% F 26-50% G 51-75% H >75% 0 absent NA missing value plot.17 cover of species within a plot A <1% B 1-3% C 4-5% D 6-15% E 16-25% F 26-50% G 51-75% H >75% 0 absent NA missing value plot.18 cover of species within a plot A <1% B 1-3% C 4-5% D 6-15% E 16-25% F 26-50% G 51-75% H >75% 0 absent NA missing value plot.19 cover of species within a plot A <1% B 1-3% C 4-5% D 6-15% E 16-25% F 26-50% G 51-75% H >75% 0 absent NA missing value plot.20 cover of species within a plot A <1% B 1-3% C 4-5% D 6-15% E 16-25% F 26-50% G 51-75% H >75% 0 absent NA missing value plot.21 cover of species within a plot A <1% B 1-3% C 4-5% D 6-15% E 16-25% F 26-50% G 51-75% H >75% 0 absent NA missing value plot.22 cover of species within a plot A <1% B 1-3% C 4-5% D 6-15% E 16-25% F 26-50% G 51-75% H >75% 0 absent NA missing value plot.23 cover of species within a plot A <1% B 1-3% C 4-5% D 6-15% E 16-25% F 26-50% G 51-75% H >75% 0 absent NA missing value plot.24 cover of species within a plot A <1% B 1-3% C 4-5% D 6-15% E 16-25% F 26-50% G 51-75% H >75% 0 absent NA missing value plot.25 cover of species within a plot A <1% B 1-3% C 4-5% D 6-15% E 16-25% F 26-50% G 51-75% H >75% 0 absent NA missing value plot.26 cover of species within a plot A <1% B 1-3% C 4-5% D 6-15% E 16-25% F 26-50% G 51-75% H >75% 0 absent NA missing value plot.27 cover of species within a plot A <1% B 1-3% C 4-5% D 6-15% E 16-25% F 26-50% G 51-75% H >75% 0 absent NA missing value 169 hf236-06-site-map.jpg sample area map hf236-06-site-map.jpg 261159 642b1a1e80dd2d03ea851403fd0e3277 none jpeg https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p23/hf236/hf236-06-site-map.jpg image biodiversity long-term measurement https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/exist/apps/datasets/showData.html?id=hf116 https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/exist/apps/datasets/showData.html?id=hf117