uid=HFR,o=lter,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=org all public read doi:10.6073/pasta/061a04fa9958a4057d8a366fb799b88a Kristen DeAngelis https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5585-4551 Jerry Melillo Grace Pold https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4418-4246 Stuart Grandy Researcher 2023 English

More than two decades of experimental soil warming in the Prospect Hill tract of the Harvard Forest has revealed non-linear soil respiration (HF005) and soil carbon loss patterns (Melillo et al., Science, 2017). The datasets here were collected to evaluate how the quantity and quality of soil carbon has been affected by 5C warming, and to assess the role that altered extracellular enzyme allocation may play in this. We collected soils over the 2014 growing season, after 23 years of soil warming. We confirmed previous results that warming had depleted the soil of organic matter, and this was accompanied by an overall decrease in microbial biomass particularly apparent in the forest floor in the fall. Using pyrolysis-GCMS, we found that the relative abundance of soil organic matter compound classes was unaffected by warming in the upper organic horizon (“forest floor”). However, lipids increased in relative abundance to the detriment of polysaccharides and lignin in the upper mineral soil, where warming had depleted soil mineral surfaces of organic matter. Despite these changes in soil organic matter quantity and quality, the potential extracellular enzyme activity per gram of soil was unaffected by warming treatment under common lab conditions. However, under in-situ temperature conditions, warming increased enzyme activity per unit microbial biomass, indicating heated plot microbes get better return on their enzyme investment than those in control plots.

carbon climate change microbial biomass soil carbon soil chemistry soil organic matter soil warming LTER controlled vocabulary organic matter LTER core area Harvard Forest HFR LTER USA HFR default

This dataset is released to the public under Creative Commons CC0 1.0 (No Rights Reserved). Please keep the dataset creators informed of any plans to use the dataset. Consultation with the original investigators is strongly encouraged. Publications and data products that make use of the dataset should include proper acknowledgement.

Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal https://spdx.org/licenses/CC0-1.0.html CC0-1.0 https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/exist/apps/datasets/showData.html?id=hf303 Prospect Hill Tract (Harvard Forest). Coordinates based on WGS84 datum. -72.18 -72.18 +42.54 +42.54 365 365 meter 2014 2015 complete Information Manager Harvard Forest

324 North Main Street Petersham MA 01366 USA

(978) 724-3302 hf-im@lists.fas.harvard.edu Harvard Forest

324 North Main Street Petersham MA 01366 USA

(978) 724-3302 (978) 724-3595 https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu

Complete methods can be found in Pold et al. 2017. Please see HF005 for additional information about experimental site setup. 2-3 1.25*10cm soil cores were collected per plot from heated and disturbance control plots throughout the 2014 growing season, homogenized by hand, and transported to the lab at ambient temperature. Loss on ignition was estimated on 105C-dried soils by measuring mass loss after 4h at 550C. Carbon and nitrogen content was determined on a Costech ECS140 CHN/S/O analyzer. Extracellular enzyme activities were completed on slurries of soil in pH 4.7 50mM sodium acetate buffer within four hours of collection. Slurry was mixed in either a 1:1 ratio with 25mM substrate (phenol oxidase and peroxidase) or a 4:1 ratio with 100uM substrate solution (all others). Substrates were: 4-Methylumbelliferyl β-D-glucopyranoside for β-glucosidase, 4-Methylumbelliferyl N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminide for N-acetylglucosaminidase, 4-Methylumbelliferyl phosphate disodium salt for phosphatase, 4-Methylumbelliferyl β-D-cellobioside for cellobiohydrolase, 4-Methylumbelliferyl-β-D-xylopyranoside for β-xylosidase, L-DOPA for phenol oxidase and L-DOPA+hydrogen peroxide for peroxidase. Total microbial biomass was estimated on duplicate samples using a total lipid phosphate extraction as per Frostegard et al. 1991.

Harvard Forest

324 North Main Street Petersham MA 01366 USA

(978) 724-3302 (978) 724-3595 https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu https://ror.org/059cpzx98 pointOfContact The Harvard Forest Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) program examines ecological dynamics in the New England region resulting from natural disturbances, environmental change, and human impacts. National Science Foundation LTER grants: DEB-8811764, DEB-9411975, DEB-0080592, DEB-0620443, DEB-1237491, DEB-1832210. hf303-01-lipid-p.csv microbial biomass based on lipid P hf303-01-lipid-p.csv 7881 5de5b7ad882ca15b9889e469b3c552e8 1 \r\n column , https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p30/hf303/hf303-01-lipid-p.csv warming warming treatment of plot of origin C disturbance control H heated NA missing value soil.type soil type analyzed Mineral mineral Organic organic NA missing value plot plot identification number plot identification number NA missing value timepoint sampling timepoint sampling timepoint NA missing value doy day of year in 2014 when soil was sampled nominalDay 1 natural NA missing value date date of soil sampling YYYY-MM-DD 1 day NA missing value lipidp.dry lipid phosphate mass per gram of dry soil nanogramPerGram 0.00000001 real NA missing value lipidp.wet lipid phosphate mass per gram of wet soil nanogramPerGram 0.00000001 real NA missing value 144 hf303-02-stable-isotope-cn.csv stable isotope analysis of mineral soil C and N hf303-02-stable-isotope-cn.csv 1424 f6d0bd88ddc3f616a1aa32ded916b603 1 \r\n column , https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p30/hf303/hf303-02-stable-isotope-cn.csv sample.id sample identification number sample identification number NA missing value treatment warming treatment of plot of origin dc disturbance control h heated plots NA missing value d13c delta 13C number 0.00000001 real NA missing value c.ug micrograms carobon in sample microgram 0.000001 real NA missing value d15n delta 14N number 0.000000001 real NA missing value n.ug micrograms nitrogen in sample microgram 0.000000001 real NA missing value material mineral soil sampled at 0-3 cm depth mineral soil sampled at 0-3 cm depth NA missing value analysis analysis analysis NA missing value enriched whether or not enriched No not enriched NA missing value amount mass of soil analyzed milligram 0.001 real NA missing value lab.id lab identification number lab identification number NA missing value analysis.num analysis identification number analysis identification number NA missing value 12 hf303-03-py-GC-MS.csv soil chemistry based on pyrolysis-GC/MS hf303-03-py-GC-MS.csv 1552 57ce62987041b4b526e727d212a524ef 1 \r\n column , https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p30/hf303/hf303-03-py-GC-MS.csv sample.id sample identification name sample identification name NA missing value warming.treatment warming treatment of plot of origin H heated C disturbance control NA missing value plot plot identification number plot identification number NA missing value soil soil type analyzed Organic organic Mineral mineral NA missing value aromatic fraction of peak area assigned to aromatic compounds dimensionless 0.01 real NA missing value lignin fraction of peak area assigned to lignin dimensionless 0.01 real NA missing value lipid fraction of peak area assigned to lipid compounds dimensionless 0.01 real NA missing value polysaccharide fraction of peak area assigned to polysaccharides dimensionless 0.01 real NA missing value nbearing fraction of peak area assigned to N-bearing compounds dimensionless 0.01 real NA missing value protein fraction of peak area assigned to proteins dimensionless 0.01 real NA missing value phenol fraction of peak area assigned to phenolic compounds dimensionless 0.01 real NA missing value unknown.origin fraction of peak area which could not be assigned to specific compound classes dimensionless 0.01 real NA missing value 24 hf303-04-density-fractions.csv weights of soil aggregates and soil aggregate fractions hf303-04-density-fractions.csv 2215 f6f388823eb4bee249f29fda99d1a257 1 \r\n column , https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p30/hf303/hf303-04-density-fractions.csv sample.id sample identification name sample identification name NA missing value depth depth of soil used >3 greater than 3 cm 0-3 0-3 cm NA missing value warming.treatment warming treatment of plot of origin C disturbance control H heated NA missing value plot plot identification number plot identification number NA missing value soil.wt soil weight gram 0.001 real NA missing value lg.wt weight of soil aggregates greater than 250um gram 0.001 real NA missing value micro.wt weight of aggregates less than 250um gram 0.001 real NA missing value fpom.wt weight of fine particulate organic matter fraction (less than 250um) gram 0.001 real NA missing value opom.wt weight of occluded particulate organic matter inside aggregates gram 0.0001 real NA missing value mom.wt weight of mineral-associated fraction in aggregates gram 0.0001 real NA missing value siltclay.wt weight of less than 53um sand/silt soil fraction not in aggregates gram 0.001 real NA missing value cpom.wt weight of coarse particulate organic matter (greater than 250um) gram 0.001 real NA missing value fpomopom mass ratio of free fine particulate organic matter to that occluded in aggregates dimensionless 0.000000001 real NA missing value opommom mass ratio of occluded particulate organic matter to mineral organic matter dimensionless 0.000000001 real NA missing value 24 hf303-05-density-fractions-cn.csv mass percent of carbon and nitrogen in soil aggregate fractions hf303-05-density-fractions-cn.csv 1549 13bf16fe64fade8f70793f38fa832203 1 \r\n column , https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p30/hf303/hf303-05-density-fractions-cn.csv sample.id sample identification name sample identification name NA missing value weight amount of soil used for CN analysis milligram 0.001 real NA missing value n nitrogen fraction percent by mass dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value c carbon fraction percent by mass dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value fraction soil fraction used CPOM coarse particulate organic matter FPOM fine particulate organic matter MOM mineral-associated organic matter OPOM occluded particulate organic matter NA missing value 52 hf303-06-enzyme-activity.csv potential extracellular enzyme activity for soil samples hf303-06-enzyme-activity.csv 51279 98c45bce77f1482823ae5857d0653c66 1 \r\n column , https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p30/hf303/hf303-06-enzyme-activity.csv timepoint sampling timepoint sampling timepoint NA missing value sample.id sample identification name sample identification name NA missing value enzyme extracellular enzyme assayed BX beta-xylosidase CBH cellobiohydrolase HPO peroxidase NAG N-acetylglucosaminidase BG beta-glucosidase PO phenol oxidase PHOS phosphatase NA missing value warming warming treatment of plot of origin H heated DC disturbance control NA missing value plot plot identification number plot identification number NA missing value soil soil type analyzed Mineral mineral Organic organic NA missing value eea extracellular enzyme activity rate (nmols substrate per gram of dry soil per hour) nanomolePerGramPerHour 0.000000001 real NA missing value water.content gravimetric moisture content dimensionless 0.01 real NA missing value doy day of year of sampling in 2014 nominalDay 1 natural NA missing value date date of sampling YYYY-MM-DD 1 day NA missing value 816 hf303-07-t6cn.csv carbon and nitrogen hf303-07-t6cn.csv 1771 35a4735eed00b8059cbcbbdfb0d3a132 1 \r\n column , https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p30/hf303/hf303-07-t6cn.csv sample.id sample identification name sample identification name NA missing value replicate technical replicate technical replicate NA missing value n percent nitrogen dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value c percent carbon dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value other soil into CN analyzer minus sum (carbon mass + nitrogen mass) dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value c.n carbon to nitrogen ratio dimensionless 0.00000001 real NA missing value plot soil warming plot identification soil warming plot identification NA missing value warming warming treatment H heated C disturbance control NA missing value soil soil type sampled Organic organic Mineral mineral NA missing value 32 hf303-08-loi.csv loss on ignition data for soil organic content hf303-08-loi.csv 5978 e7dab989e95775fefba2e3d0cb10728e 1 \r\n column , https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p30/hf303/hf303-08-loi.csv sample.id sample identification name sample identification name NA missing value treatment warming treatment of plot of origin H heated DC disturbance control NA missing value soil soil type sampled M 0-10cm depth mineral soil O organic horizon soil NA missing value plot soil warming plot identification soil warming plot identification NA missing value loi.tin weight of tin (for taring) gram 0.0001 real NA missing value loi.soil weight of tin plus soil before ashing gram 0.0001 real NA missing value loi.550c.4hrs weight of tin plus soil after ashing gram 0.0001 real NA missing value per.loi percent Loss on Ignition after 4 hours at 550C dimensionless 0.00000001 real NA missing value timepoint timepoint sampled during the growing season, 2014 T1 April 28 T2 June 3 T3 June 30 T4 August 25 T5 September 22 T6 October 28 Free text (unrestricted) .* NA missing value 119 atmosphere plot soil short-term measurement https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/exist/apps/datasets/showData.html?id=hf005