uid=HFR,o=lter,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=org all public read doi:10.6073/pasta/74892f9414d614e3ff884e86319064ed Impacts of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid After Preventative Treatment in Lincoln MA 2015-2018 Brian Donahue Jason Aylward David Foster https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1171-3762 Tom Gumbart Researcher Stacy Carter Researcher 2023 English
<para>In 2007 the town of Lincoln, MA treated the hemlock stand at the Codman estate with root injections of imidacloprid to suppress the invasive insect Hemlock Wooly Adelgid (HWA). This hemlock grove is unique for this area of Massachusetts and dominated by eastern hemlock of approximately 2 feet in diameter with many trees reaching heights of over 120 feet. The treatment goal was to conserve the trees and the stand’s cathedral-like characteristics. To accomplish this goal, every big canopy tree was treated.</para> </section> </abstract> <keywordSet> <keyword>hemlock</keyword> <keyword>hemlock woolly adelgid</keyword> <keyword>roots</keyword> <keyword>tree maps</keyword> <keyword>tree mortality</keyword> <keywordThesaurus>LTER controlled vocabulary</keywordThesaurus> </keywordSet> <keywordSet> <keyword>populations</keyword> <keyword>disturbance</keyword> <keywordThesaurus>LTER core area</keywordThesaurus> </keywordSet> <keywordSet> <keyword>Harvard Forest</keyword> <keyword>HFR</keyword> <keyword>LTER</keyword> <keyword>USA</keyword> <keywordThesaurus>HFR default</keywordThesaurus> </keywordSet> <intellectualRights> <section> <para>This dataset is released to the public under Creative Commons CC0 1.0 (No Rights Reserved). Please keep the dataset creators informed of any plans to use the dataset. Consultation with the original investigators is strongly encouraged. Publications and data products that make use of the dataset should include proper acknowledgement.</para> </section> </intellectualRights> <licensed> <licenseName>Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal</licenseName> <url>https://spdx.org/licenses/CC0-1.0.html</url> <identifier>CC0-1.0</identifier> </licensed> <distribution> <online> <url function="information">https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/exist/apps/datasets/showData.html?id=hf319</url> </online> </distribution> <coverage> <geographicCoverage> <geographicDescription>Lincoln MA. Coordinates based on WGS84 datum.</geographicDescription> <boundingCoordinates> <westBoundingCoordinate>-71.33</westBoundingCoordinate> <eastBoundingCoordinate>-70.33</eastBoundingCoordinate> <northBoundingCoordinate>+42.42</northBoundingCoordinate> <southBoundingCoordinate>+42.42 </southBoundingCoordinate> <boundingAltitudes> <altitudeMinimum>79</altitudeMinimum> <altitudeMaximum>79</altitudeMaximum> <altitudeUnits>meter</altitudeUnits> </boundingAltitudes> </boundingCoordinates> </geographicCoverage> <temporalCoverage> <rangeOfDates> <beginDate> <calendarDate>2015</calendarDate> </beginDate> <endDate> <calendarDate>2018</calendarDate> </endDate> </rangeOfDates> </temporalCoverage> <taxonomicCoverage> <taxonomicClassification> <taxonRankName>genus</taxonRankName> <taxonRankValue>Adelges</taxonRankValue> <taxonomicClassification> <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName> <taxonRankValue>tsugae</taxonRankValue> <commonName>hemlock woolly adelgid</commonName> </taxonomicClassification> </taxonomicClassification> <taxonomicClassification> <taxonRankName>genus</taxonRankName> <taxonRankValue>Tsuga</taxonRankValue> <taxonomicClassification> <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName> <taxonRankValue>canadensis</taxonRankValue> <commonName>eastern hemlock</commonName> </taxonomicClassification> </taxonomicClassification> </taxonomicCoverage> </coverage> <maintenance> <description> <para>complete</para> </description> </maintenance> <contact scope="document"> <positionName>Information Manager</positionName> <organizationName>Harvard Forest</organizationName> <address scope="document"> <deliveryPoint>324 North Main Street</deliveryPoint> <city>Petersham</city> <administrativeArea>MA</administrativeArea> <postalCode>01366</postalCode> <country>USA</country> </address> <phone phonetype="voice">(978) 724-3302</phone> <electronicMailAddress>hf-im@lists.fas.harvard.edu</electronicMailAddress> </contact> <publisher scope="document"> <organizationName>Harvard Forest</organizationName> <address scope="document"> <deliveryPoint>324 North Main Street</deliveryPoint> <city>Petersham</city> <administrativeArea>MA</administrativeArea> <postalCode>01366</postalCode> <country>USA</country> </address> <phone phonetype="voice">(978) 724-3302</phone> <phone phonetype="fax">(978) 724-3595</phone> <onlineUrl>https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu</onlineUrl> </publisher> <methods> <methodStep> <description> <section> <title/> <para>The 4-acre treated hillside stand was divided into 3 areas. Those areas were split with a transect running horizontally to the base of the slope, following a compass bearing. These transects break up each area into uphill and downhill portions and create a total of 6 zones. The distance of each tree from the start of the transect was measured (meters) and its distance from the transect, uphill or downhill, was also noted. The trees were then plotted on a topo map.</para> <para>During the fall of 2015, the entire hillside was mapped and inventoried. Trees of all species with a DBH of 10 cm or larger were identified and tagged and had crown position recorded and mapped. Hemlock crown measurements were taken in early spring to assess the crowns without the interference of the surrounding hardwood trees. Crown diameter, tree height, crown height, crown base, lowest living branch and crown density were collected for all tagged trees. Crown density was estimated by crew members standing on 4 cardinal sides of a tree, about half the tree’s height away, and using the USFS visual crown density scale. The final measurement was the average of the four assessments. Hemlock trees also had canopy assessments for canopy closure as a proxy for HWA damage. Hemlock mortality was recorded annually.</para> <para>After the fall of 2015, large hemlocks were located in the swamp north of the treated stand. This smaller stand of approximately 3 acres was mapped and inventoried in the same way as the treated hillside stand.</para> </section> <section> <title>Literature Cited Schomaker, Michael E., Zarnoch, Stanley J., Bechtold, William A., Latelle, David J., Burkman, William G., Cox, Susan M. (2007). Crown-condition classification: a guide to data collection and analysis. Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS-102. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station. 78 p.
Harvard Forest Long-Term Ecological Research Harvard Forest
324 North Main Street Petersham MA 01366 USA
(978) 724-3302 (978) 724-3595 https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu https://ror.org/059cpzx98 pointOfContact The Harvard Forest Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) program examines ecological dynamics in the New England region resulting from natural disturbances, environmental change, and human impacts. National Science Foundation LTER grants: DEB-8811764, DEB-9411975, DEB-0080592, DEB-0620443, DEB-1237491, DEB-1832210. hf319-01-hillside-trees.csv hillside tree locations hf319-01-hillside-trees.csv 30743 77b3e519d1375359908dd57445ef3fe2 1 \r\n column , https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p31/hf319/hf319-01-hillside-trees.csv type waypoint or tract waypoint or tract NA missing value tag tree tag number tree tag number NA missing value latitude latitude degree 0.00000001 real NA missing value longitude longitude degree 0.00000001 real NA missing value y.proj y projection, WGS84 meter 0.0001 real NA missing value x.proj x projection, WGS84 meter 0.0001 real NA missing value 492 hf319-02-swamp-trees.csv swamp tree locations hf319-02-swamp-trees.csv 22086 778b32d757887e31213a3af74450b67d 1 \r\n column , https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p31/hf319/hf319-02-swamp-trees.csv type waypoint or tract waypoint or tract NA missing value tag tree tag number tree tag number NA missing value latitude latitude degree 0.00001 real NA missing value longitude longitude degree 0.0001 real NA missing value y.proj y projection, WGS84 meter 0.1 real NA missing value x.proj x projection, WGS84 meter 0.1 real NA missing value 449 hf319-03-tree-meas-fall.csv fall tree measurements hf319-03-tree-meas-fall.csv 77201 44e6ba6665bc627eac1a737169b16631 1 \r\n column , https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p31/hf319/hf319-03-tree-meas-fall.csv hill.swamp whether tree is located on the treated hillside or in the untreated swamp hill hillside swamp untreated swamp NA missing value transect transect number transect number NA missing value date date of measurement fall.2015 fall of 2015 fall.2016 fall of 2016 NA missing value slope tree location in relation to transect line uphill uphill of the transect line downhill downhill of the transect line triangle triangle NA missing value tag tree tag number tree tag number NA missing value species species code acerpl Acer platanoides, Norway maple acerru Acer rubrum, red maple acersa Acer saccharum, sugar maple acersp Acer species, unidentified maple betual Betula alleghaniensis, yellow birch betule Betula lenta, black birch betupa Betula papyrifera, paper birch betupo Betula populifolia, grey birch carygl Carya glabra, pignut hickory fraxam Fraxinus americana, white ash fraxni Fraxinus nigra, black ash hardwd hardwood species, unidentified hardwood species nysssy Nyssa sylvatica, black gum ostrvi ostrya virginiana, hop horn-beam pinust Pinus strobus, eastern white pine popugr Populus grandidentata, big-tooth aspen prunse Prunus serotina, black Ccherry queral Quercus alba, white oak querru Quercus rubra, northern red oak quersp Quercus species, unidentified oak species querve Quercus velutina, black oak robips Robinia pseudoacacia, black locust tsugca Tsuga canadensis, eastern hemlock ulmuam Ulmus americana, American elm NA missing value dbh diameter at breast height centimeter 0.1 real NA missing value crown.class crown class c co-dominant d dominant dd dead i intermediate s suppressed NA missing value health hemlock crown health 1 100% foliage remaining 2 75% foliage remaining 3 50% foliage remaining 4 25% foliage remaining 5 less than 25% foliage remaining dead dead NA missing value x.dist distance from the transect start meter 0.1 real NA missing value y.dist.absolute distance away (uphill or downhill) from the transect line meter 0.1 real NA missing value treated whether or not a hillside stand hemlock was treated in 2009 with root injected imidacloprid y treated n not treated dead dead NA missing value ba basal area squareCentimeters 0.000000001 real NA missing value notes notes notes NA missing value 1054 hf319-04-tree-meas.csv spring, summer, winter tree measurements hf319-04-tree-meas.csv 95471 d44b5b162e31259a2c4ded0313491a49 1 \r\n column , https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p31/hf319/hf319-04-tree-meas.csv hill.swamp whether tree is located on the treated hillside or in the untreated swamp hill hillside swamp untreated swamp NA missing value transect transect number transect number NA missing value date date of measurement spring.2016 spring of 2016 summer.2016 summer of 2016 winter.2016 winter of 2016 summer.2017 summer of 2017 NA missing value slope tree location in relation to transect line uphill uphill of the transect line downhill downhill of the transect line triangle triangle NA missing value tag tree tag number tree tag number NA missing value species species code acerpl Acer platanoides, Norway maple acerru Acer rubrum, red maple acersa Acer saccharum, sugar maple acersp Acer species, unidentified maple betual Betula alleghaniensis, yellow birch betule Betula lenta, black birch betupa Betula papyrifera, paper birch betupo Betula populifolia, grey birch carygl Carya glabra, pignut hickory fraxam Fraxinus americana, white ash fraxni Fraxinus nigra, black ash hardwd hardwood species, unidentified hardwood species nysssy Nyssa sylvatica, black gum ostrvi ostrya virginiana, hop horn-beam pinust Pinus strobus, eastern white pine popugr Populus grandidentata, big-tooth aspen prunse Prunus serotina, black Ccherry queral Quercus alba, white oak querru Quercus rubra, northern red oak quersp Quercus species, unidentified oak species querve Quercus velutina, black oak robips Robinia pseudoacacia, black locust tsugca Tsuga canadensis, eastern hemlock ulmuam Ulmus americana, American elm NA missing value dbh diameter at breast height centimeter 0.1 real NA missing value height tallest point on the tree, measured by laser from a distance of at least half the tree’s height meter 0.0001 real NA missing value crown.height top of the live crown; only different from height if tree has a dead top meter 0.0001 real NA missing value crown.base bottom of the living crown. The crown includes all leafy branches with no more than 4 feet between them meter 0.0001 real NA missing value lowest.limb height of the lowest limp; only different from crown.base if the lowest limb was separated from the crown base by 4 feet or more meter 0.0001 real NA missing value dripline.1 first measurement to calculate crown diameter meter 0.1 real NA missing value dripline.2 second measurement to calculate crown diameter meter 0.1 real NA missing value crown.dia calculated crown diameter; mean of dripline.1 and dripline.2 meter 0.01 real NA missing value crown.density visual crown density estimate using USFS scale (Schomaker et al, 2007) visual crown density estimate using USFS scale (Schomaker et al, 2007) NA missing value notes notes notes NA missing value entered.by initials of the person who entered the data initials of the person who entered the data NA missing value date.entered date of data entry YYYY-MM-DD 1 day NA missing value 1061 hf319-05-codman-hillside.zip GIS shapefiles, hillside hf319-05-codman-hillside.zip 23581 757ee4199cd8f1ea63fa8a645db00d5b zip Esri shapefile https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p31/hf319/hf319-05-codman-hillside.zip vector GIS hf319-06-codman-swamp.zip GIS shapefiles, swamp hf319-06-codman-swamp.zip 21205 132695069245c6118e76b835fc5f7816 zip Esri shapefile https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p31/hf319/hf319-06-codman-swamp.zip vector GIS conservation historical invasive plot long-term measurement