uid=HFR,o=lter,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=org all public read doi:10.6073/pasta/ce45079348f127ea36c9d13360ff93c5 Marla Markowski-Lindsay https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7778-2416 Brett Butler https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2465-7993 David Kittredge https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8527-0370 Jonathan Thompson https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0512-1226 Mark Borsuk https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5121-1110 Researcher Matthew Duveneck https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1264-3081 Researcher Meghan MacLean https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5700-2168 Researcher Jonathan Holt https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6791-7858 Researcher Danelle Laflower Researcher Luca Morreale https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2023-9150 Researcher David Orwig https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7822-3560 Researcher Jody Simoes Researcher 2023 English

We developed a survey instrument to understand how family forest owners perceive forest insect pests and how those perceptions influence their land use and land management decisions in response imminent or ongoing insect infestations. The survey instrument contains questions related to: property ownership, forest management objectives, forest management activities, hypothetical forest insect invasion scenarios, perceptions about forest insect pests and management responses, forest insect pest awareness, knowledge and experience, and demographic questions. To assess likely FFO response to forest insect pests, we constructed a series of contingent behavior questions based on four key forest insect pest attributes at varying levels: (i) arrival time, how virulent or damaging the forest insect pest is, including (ii) tree mortality percentage and (iii) time until 100% tree mortality, and (iv) value of timber loss. Table 1, Conjoint analysis scenarios of forest insect pest attributes by survey version, is attached as file hf326-03-table1.pdf. We selected these attributes to reflect characteristics of the main forest insect pests in the northeast. Also attached is one version of the survey, hf326-02-survey.pdf.

Our study area consists of the forests of the Connecticut River Valley watershed in the northeastern United States, a region which has been the focus of intensive ecological and social studies that provide a solid foundation and leveraged resources, including models, proven methods, and data.

Samples were drawn from available electronic tax records “Grand Lists” (NH and VT) and state geospatial resources (MA and CT). A stratified random sample of landowners were sampled within 6 regions comprising the study area (Massachusetts, Connecticut, Northern and Southern New Hampshire, Northern and Southern Vermont) owning fewer than or equal to 49 acres and more than or equal to 50 acres.

We followed a modified, four-wave Dillman, Smyth and Christian (2014) total design method. The four-wave mailing was sent over a 5-week period. The survey was mailed to 2,000 randomly selected family forest owners in the Connecticut River Valley watershed owning 10 or more acres. The initial, pre-notice postcard was mailed on June 16, 2017. The initial survey package (cover letter, survey instrument, BRE) was mailed on June 23, 2017. The thank you / reminder postcards were sent on June 30, 2017. A final survey package was mailed on July 14, 2017. The survey cooperation rate was 37% (n = 696). Based on analysis of follow-up telephone calls, we detected no evidence of nonresponse biases. We imputed item nonresponse values using a random forests approach (sensu Stekhoven and Buhlmann, 2012).

Harvard Forest

324 North Main Street Petersham MA 01366 USA

(978) 724-3302 (978) 724-3595 https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu https://ror.org/059cpzx98 pointOfContact The Harvard Forest Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) program examines ecological dynamics in the New England region resulting from natural disturbances, environmental change, and human impacts. National Science Foundation LTER grants: DEB-8811764, DEB-9411975, DEB-0080592, DEB-0620443, DEB-1237491, DEB-1832210. hf326-01-cipher-survey-v6.csv survey results hf326-01-cipher-survey-v6.csv 394366 b884a7c49937120cbd532c67b2bddeef 1 \r\n column , https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p32/hf326/hf326-01-cipher-survey-v6.csv own.tenure In what year did you personally acquire this land? YYYY 1 year NA missing value own.residence How far do you live from the woodland you own at that location? <1 mile less than 1 mile 1-20 miles 1-20 miles 20-50 miles 20-50 miles 50+ miles more than 50 miles NA missing value mgt.plan A management or stewardship plan may be written in order to help a landowner meet their goals for their woodland. Do you have a written management or stewardship plan for any of your woodland? Yes yes No no Don't know don't know NA missing value cut.trees Have trees ever been cut or removed from your woodland for commercial purposes (e.g. for sale)? Yes yes No no Don't know don't know NA missing value cut.trees.forester If "Yes", was a professional forester used to plan, mark, contract or oversee any of these cuts? Yes yes No no Don't know don't know NA missing value advice.forester Have you ever gotten advice about the care, management or protection of your woodland from a consulting forester or another professional? Yes yes No no Don't know don't know NA missing value obj.bea How important are the following as reasons for why you currently own this woodland? To enjoy beauty or scenery Not important not important Of little importance of little importance Moderately important moderately important Important important Very important very important NA missing value obj.nat How important are the following as reasons for why you currently own this woodland? To protect nature or biological diversity Not important not important Of little importance of little importance Moderately important moderately important Important important Very important very important NA missing value obj.wil How important are the following as reasons for why you currently own this woodland? To protect or improve wildlife habitat Not important not important Of little importance of little importance Moderately important moderately important Important important Very important very important NA missing value obj.inv How important are the following as reasons for why you currently own this woodland? For land investment Not important not important Of little importance of little importance Moderately important moderately important Important important Very important very important NA missing value obj.pri How important are the following as reasons for why you currently own this woodland? For privacy Not important not important Of little importance of little importance Moderately important moderately important Important important Very important very important NA missing value obj.heirs How important are the following as reasons for why you currently own this woodland? To pass land on to my children or other heirs Not important not important Of little importance of little importance Moderately important moderately important Important important Very important very important NA missing value obj.fire How important are the following as reasons for why you currently own this woodland? For firewood Not important not important Of little importance of little importance Moderately important moderately important Important important Very important very important NA missing value obj.tim How important are the following as reasons for why you currently own this woodland? For timber products such as logs or pulpwood Not important not important Of little importance of little importance Moderately important moderately important Important important Very important very important NA missing value obj.ntfp How important are the following as reasons for why you currently own this woodland? For nontimber forest products such as berries or maple syrup Not important not important Of little importance of little importance Moderately important moderately important Important important Very important very important NA missing value obj.hunt How important are the following as reasons for why you currently own this woodland? For hunting Not important not important Of little importance of little importance Moderately important moderately important Important important Very important very important NA missing value obj.rec How important are the following as reasons for why you currently own this woodland? For recreation, other than hunting Not important not important Of little importance of little importance Moderately important moderately important Important important Very important very important NA missing value tran.fut How likely is it that you will sell or give away any of this woodland in the next 5 years? Extremely unlikely extremely unlikely Unlikely unlikely Undecided undecided Likely likely Extremely likely extremely likely NA missing value scenario.1.cut If this scenario were true would this cause you or someone you hire to cut or remove trees targeted by this insect? Yes yes No no NA missing value scenario.1.cut.cert How certain are you about your Yes or No answer to Question 9? Very uncertain very uncertain Uncertain uncertain Neutral neutral Certain certain Very certain very certain NA missing value scenario.1.sell If this scenario were true would this cause you to sell this woodland? No no Yes yes NA missing value scenario.1.sell.cert How certain are you about your Yes or No answer to Question 11? Very uncertain very uncertain Uncertain uncertain Neutral neutral Certain certain Very certain very certain NA missing value scenario.2.cut If this scenario were true would this cause you or someone you hire to cut or remove trees targeted by this insect? Yes yes No no NA missing value scenario.2.cut.cert How certain are you about your Yes or No answer to Question 13? Very uncertain very uncertain Uncertain uncertain Neutral neutral Certain certain Very certain very certain NA missing value scenario.2.sell If this scenario were true would this cause you to sell this woodland? Yes yes No no NA missing value scenario.2.sell.cert How certain are you about your Yes or No answer to Question 15? Very uncertain very uncertain Uncertain uncertain Neutral neutral Certain certain Very certain very certain NA missing value scenario.3.cut If this scenario were true would this cause you or someone you hire to cut or remove trees targeted by this insect? Yes yes No no NA missing value scenario.3.cut.cert How certain are you about your Yes or No answer to Question 17? Very uncertain very uncertain Uncertain uncertain Neutral neutral Certain certain Very certain very certain NA missing value scenario.3.sell If this scenario were true would this cause you to sell this woodland? No no Yes yes NA missing value scenario.3.sell.cert How certain are you about your Yes or No answer to Question 19? Very uncertain very uncertain Uncertain uncertain Neutral neutral Certain certain Very certain very certain NA missing value scenario.4.cut If this scenario were true would this cause you or someone you hire to cut or remove trees targeted by this insect? Yes yes No no NA missing value scenario.4.cut.cert How certain are you about your Yes or No answer to Question 21? Very uncertain very uncertain Uncertain uncertain Neutral neutral Certain certain Very certain very certain NA missing value scenario.4.sell If this scenario were true would this cause you to sell this woodland? Yes yes No no NA missing value scenario.4.sell.cert How certain are you about your Yes or No answer to Question 23? Very uncertain very uncertain Uncertain uncertain Neutral neutral Certain certain Very certain very certain NA missing value tpb.intention.global If this last scenario were true which of the following best reflects how you would respond? Before arrival cut or remove trees before the insects arrive After Arrival cut or remove trees after the insects have arrived Before or after arrival cut or remove trees, but not sure when No do not cut or remove trees NA missing value tpb.att.1 Cutting or removing trees infested by these insects is a good thing to do. Strongly disagree strongly disagree Disagree disagree Undecided undecided Agree agree Strongly agree strongly agree NA missing value tpb.att.2 Cutting or removing trees infested by these insects improves the health of the woods. Strongly disagree strongly disagree Disagree disagree Undecided undecided Agree agree Strongly agree strongly agree NA missing value tpb.norm.1 I think most people who are important to me would think trees infested by these insects should be cut or removed from my woodland. Strongly disagree strongly disagree Disagree disagree Undecided undecided Agree agree Strongly agree strongly agree NA missing value tpb.norm.2 I think other landowners who I most respect would cut or remove trees infested by these insects from their woodland. Strongly disagree strongly disagree Disagree disagree Undecided undecided Agree agree Strongly agree strongly agree NA missing value tpb.control.1 It would be easy to have trees infested by these insects cut or removed. Strongly disagree strongly disagree Disagree disagree Undecided undecided Agree agree Strongly agree strongly agree NA missing value tpb.control.2 It would be expensive to cut or remove trees infested by these insects. Strongly disagree strongly disagree Disagree disagree Undecided undecided Agree agree Strongly agree strongly agree NA missing value tpb.risk These insects are a threat to the trees on my woodland. Strongly disagree strongly disagree Disagree disagree Undecided undecided Agree agree Strongly agree strongly agree NA missing value tpb.control.3 Finding help or advice about woodland insects is difficult. Strongly disagree strongly disagree Disagree disagree Undecided undecided Agree agree Strongly agree strongly agree NA missing value pai.hwa.aware How much would you say you know about the following woodland insect species? Hemlock wooly adelgid Never heard of never heard of Very little very little Some some Quite a lot quite a lot A great deal a great deal NA missing value pai.alb.aware How much would you say you know about the following woodland insect species? Asian longhorn beetle Never heard of never heard of Very little very little Some some Quite a lot quite a lot A great deal a great deal NA missing value pai.eab.aware How much would you say you know about the following woodland insect species? Emerald Ash borer Never heard of never heard of Very little very little Some some Quite a lot quite a lot A great deal a great deal NA missing value pai.hwa.know Please indicate whether the following statements are true or false by checking True or False. If you do not know, check Don't Know: Hemlock wooly adelgid can be identified by the presence of a white substance. TRUE true FALSE false Don't know don't know NA missing value pai.alb.know Please indicate whether the following statements are true or false by checking True or False. If you do not know, check Don't Know: Asian longhorn beetles feed on many types of trees. TRUE true FALSE false Don't know don't know NA missing value pai.eab.know Please indicate whether the following statements are true or false by checking True or False. If you do not know, check Don't Know: Adult Emerald Ash borers cannot fly. TRUE true FALSE false Don't know don't know NA missing value pai.hwa.exp.had Do you currently have or have you ever had Hemlock woolly adelgid on your woodland? Yes yes No no Don't know don't know NA missing value pai.hwa.exp.cut Have you or someone you've hired ever cut or removed trees on your woodland because of Hemlock woolly adelgid? Yes yes No no Don't know don't know NA missing value pai.alb.exp.had Do you currently have or have you ever had Asian longhorn beetle on your woodland? Yes yes No no Don't know don't know NA missing value pai.alb.exp.cut Have you or someone you have hired ever cut or removed trees on your woodland because of Asian longhorn beetle? Yes yes No no Don't know don't know NA missing value pai.eab.exp.had Do you currently have or have you ever had Emerald Ash borer on your woodland? Yes yes No no Don't know don't know NA missing value pai.eab.exp.cut Have you or someone you've hired ever cut or removed trees on your woodland because of Emerald Ash borer? Yes yes No no Don't know don't know NA missing value num.own How many people are part of your ownership including you? number 0.01 real NA missing value age.oldest.own What is the age of the oldest owner and youngest owner? Oldest owner number 0.01 real NA missing value age.young.own What is the age of the oldest owner and youngest owner? Youngest owner number 0.00000001 real NA missing value own.age What is your age? number 0.00000001 real NA missing value own.gender What is your gender? Female female Male male NA missing value own.edu What is the highest degree or level of schooling you have completed? Less than 12th grade less than 12th grade High school or GED High school or GED Some college some college Associates degree Associates degree Bachelors degree Bachelors degree Advanced degree advanced degree NA missing value own.inc.wood On average what percentage of your households annual income comes from the woodland that you own? dimensionless 0.01 real NA missing value own.income What is your households annual income? <$25k less than $25,000 $25k-$49k $25,000-$49,999 $50k-$99k $50,000-$99,999 $100k-$199k $100,000-$199,999 $200k+ over $200,000 NA missing value survey.version survey version (1-6) survey version NA missing value fifty.acres fifty acres >=50 fewer than or equal to 50 acres <50 more than 50 acres NA missing value weight Sampling weight. CIPHER survey analyses should incorporate weights to account for the stratified sample design. The weights, w(s), were calculated as a function of the population size, N(s), and number of respondents, n(r,s), is each stratum, i.e., w(s) = N(s)/n(r,s). dimensionless 0.00000001 real NA missing value 688 hf326-02-survey.pdf New England woodland owner survey hf326-02-survey.pdf 391176 979eef6a322172d23a78e85b90f56c12 none pdf https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p32/hf326/hf326-02-survey.pdf document hf326-03-table1.pdf table 1 hf326-03-table1.pdf 79255 d4b54f6eee3a27fb1fcbc9011f392e05 none pdf https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p32/hf326/hf326-03-table1.pdf document conservation invasive regional short-term measurement modeling