uid=HFR,o=lter,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=org all public read doi:10.6073/pasta/20aab8470119b0d71bc867209ab2c056 Assessing Plant Phenological Character Displacement Across the Eastern United States Since 1895 Daniel Park https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2783-530X Ian Breckheimer https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4698-977X Charles Davis https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8747-1101 Aaron Ellison https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4151-6081 Researcher Goia Lyra https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9416-9194 Researcher Junxi Xie Researcher 2023 English
<para>Reproductive character displacement has long been hypothesized to be a key determinant of speciation and co-existence in flowering plants. A central tenet of this hypothesis is that reproductive traits of close relatives growing in sympatry diverge more than they do where close relatives do not grow together. However, this idea remains untested across taxa and at large spatial scales. Here, we use data collected from tens of thousands of herbarium specimens to examine evidence for character displacement in flowering time for 91 closely-related pairs of animal-pollinated angiosperm species in the eastern USA. We see no evidence for overall phenological divergence in sympatry across regions, clades, or life histories. Rather our results indicate widespread convergence of flowering times in sympatry for species pairs that generally tend to flower close in time. We also find that climate change could alter the nature of these convergent flowering events by shifting them further apart in a majority species pair comparisons. Specifically, congeneric species in New England and the Atlantic Coastal Plain are projected to flower 2–4 days further apart, on average, by the mid-21st century as warming temperatures drive species-specific phenological shifts within genera. This may have significant consequences for species interactions and gene flow, especially if current sympatric convergence in flowering times has resulted from facilitative interactions between species.</para> </section> </abstract> <keywordSet> <keyword>climate change</keyword> <keyword>flowering</keyword> <keyword>phenology</keyword> <keyword>plant species</keyword> <keyword>reproduction</keyword> <keyword>temperature</keyword> <keywordThesaurus>LTER controlled vocabulary</keywordThesaurus> </keywordSet> <keywordSet> <keyword>populations</keyword> <keywordThesaurus>LTER core area</keywordThesaurus> </keywordSet> <keywordSet> <keyword>Harvard Forest</keyword> <keyword>HFR</keyword> <keyword>LTER</keyword> <keyword>USA</keyword> <keywordThesaurus>HFR default</keywordThesaurus> </keywordSet> <intellectualRights> <section> <para>This dataset is released to the public under Creative Commons CC0 1.0 (No Rights Reserved). Please keep the dataset creators informed of any plans to use the dataset. Consultation with the original investigators is strongly encouraged. Publications and data products that make use of the dataset should include proper acknowledgement.</para> </section> </intellectualRights> <licensed> <licenseName>Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal</licenseName> <url>https://spdx.org/licenses/CC0-1.0.html</url> <identifier>CC0-1.0</identifier> </licensed> <distribution> <online> <url function="information">https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/exist/apps/datasets/showData.html?id=hf335</url> </online> </distribution> <coverage> <geographicCoverage> <geographicDescription>Eastern United States. 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<taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName> <taxonRankValue>grandiflora</taxonRankValue> </taxonomicClassification> <taxonomicClassification> <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName> <taxonRankValue>perfoliata</taxonRankValue> </taxonomicClassification> <taxonomicClassification> <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName> <taxonRankValue>puberula</taxonRankValue> </taxonomicClassification> <taxonomicClassification> <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName> <taxonRankValue>sessilifolia</taxonRankValue> </taxonomicClassification> </taxonomicClassification> </taxonomicCoverage> </coverage> <maintenance> <description> <para>ongoing</para> </description> </maintenance> <contact scope="document"> <positionName>Information Manager</positionName> <organizationName>Harvard Forest</organizationName> <address scope="document"> <deliveryPoint>324 North Main Street</deliveryPoint> <city>Petersham</city> <administrativeArea>MA</administrativeArea> <postalCode>01366</postalCode> <country>USA</country> </address> <phone phonetype="voice">(978) 724-3302</phone> <electronicMailAddress>hf-im@lists.fas.harvard.edu</electronicMailAddress> </contact> <publisher scope="document"> <organizationName>Harvard Forest</organizationName> <address scope="document"> <deliveryPoint>324 North Main Street</deliveryPoint> <city>Petersham</city> <administrativeArea>MA</administrativeArea> <postalCode>01366</postalCode> <country>USA</country> </address> <phone phonetype="voice">(978) 724-3302</phone> <phone phonetype="fax">(978) 724-3595</phone> <onlineUrl>https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu</onlineUrl> </publisher> <methods> <methodStep> <description> <section> <title/> <para>The web tool CrowdCurio was used to crowdsource phenological data from more than 40,000 herbarium specimens representing 116 flowering plant species across the eastern United States.</para> <para>Data file hf335-02-R-code.zip contains the R code (four scripts, to be run in sequence) and associated input files (.csv, .gpkg, and .tre) for replicating the analyses in the paper.</para> </section> </description> </methodStep> </methods> <project> <title>Harvard Forest Long-Term Ecological Research Harvard Forest
324 North Main Street Petersham MA 01366 USA
(978) 724-3302 (978) 724-3595 https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu https://ror.org/059cpzx98 pointOfContact The Harvard Forest Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) program examines ecological dynamics in the New England region resulting from natural disturbances, environmental change, and human impacts. National Science Foundation LTER grants: DEB-8811764, DEB-9411975, DEB-0080592, DEB-0620443, DEB-1237491, DEB-1832210. hf335-01-congener.txt crowdsourced phenological data hf335-01-congener.txt 40270600 aad9e69fb265d800e36ead2df75bd04d 1 \r\n column ; https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p33/hf335/hf335-01-congener.txt coreid unique ID of specimen record unique ID of specimen record NA missing value species binomial species name binomial species name NA missing value username unique crowdsourcer ID unique crowdsourcer ID NA missing value bud bud counts number 1 whole NA missing value flower flower counts number 1 whole NA missing value fruit fruit counts number 1 whole NA missing value family family name family name NA missing value genus genus name genus name NA missing value county US county where specimen was collected US county where specimen was collected NA missing value state US state where specimen was collected US state where specimen was collected NA missing value longitude county centroid coordinates in decimal degrees degree 0.00001 real NA missing value latitude county centroid coordinates in decimal degrees degree 0.00001 real NA missing value date date of collection YYYY-MM-DD 1 day NA missing value year collection year YYYY NA missing value month collection month collection month NA missing value day collection day collection day NA missing value goodqualityaccess_url medium quality specimen image medium quality specimen image NA missing value access_url high quality specimen image high quality specimen image NA missing value 139027 hf335-02-R-code.zip phenological displacement R code hf335-02-R-code.zip 1525608798 ffa5cd505b31b98edc1cd46f36528dbf zip csv, GeoPackage, R script https://portal.edirepository.org/nis/dataviewer?packageid=knb-lter-hfr.335.2&entityid=7f3402aa832610f9d76b56b15db6ce64 document, script, vector GIS biodiversity conservation informatics regional historical https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/exist/apps/datasets/showData.html?id=hf309