uid=HFR,o=lter,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=org all public read doi:10.6073/pasta/0e61a37d82690e8ff508bfb2f11bd781 Elise Miller https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5255-924X Tim Rademacher https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0627-6564 Patrick Fonti https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7070-3292 Researcher Andrew Richardson https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0148-6714 Researcher Bijan Seyednasrollah https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5195-2074 Researcher 2023 English

The density of wood is a primary determinant of the amount of carbon sequestered in forests. For boreal and Mediterranean ecosystems, anomalies from the typical intra-annual density increase in radial growth of conifers are predominantly related to drought. We took 41 wood samples at breast height, ten additional samples near branches, and seven samples from the top of 41 white pines to determine the spatial distribution of density anomalies throughout the stem. We measured the ring width, density anomaly presence, position within a ring, and arc of density anomalies at multiple heights. Even in a mesic forest density anomalies in white pine are predominantly occurring during drier growing seasons. Moreover, we examined the spatial extent of density anomalies within the stems of white pines and discovered density anomalies are more likely to occur near branches, at the top of the tree, and in wider rings. Furthermore, the position of the density anomalies within the rings was remarkably consistent with the anomalies occurring roughly 80% into the fully formed ring at all heights for high-frequency years only as well as all years Density anomalies seem to be triggered by exogenous factors but their distribution within the stem varies along endogenous gradients, thus better understanding these systematic anomalies can help us to understand how wood formation has reacted and will respond to the environment and changes therein.

carbon climate dendrochronology pine tree growth tree rings wood LTER controlled vocabulary primary production LTER core area Harvard Forest HFR LTER USA HFR default

This dataset is released to the public under Creative Commons CC0 1.0 (No Rights Reserved). Please keep the dataset creators informed of any plans to use the dataset. Consultation with the original investigators is strongly encouraged. Publications and data products that make use of the dataset should include proper acknowledgement.

Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal https://spdx.org/licenses/CC0-1.0.html CC0-1.0 https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/exist/apps/datasets/showData.html?id=hf347 Tom Swamp Tract (Harvard Forest). Coordinates based on WGS84 datum. -72.22 -72.22 42.51 42.51 340 340 meter 2019 2019 genus Pinus species strobus complete Information Manager Harvard Forest

324 North Main Street Petersham MA 01366 USA

(978) 724-3302 hf-im@lists.fas.harvard.edu Harvard Forest

324 North Main Street Petersham MA 01366 USA

(978) 724-3302 (978) 724-3595 https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu

To study the formation of density anomalies, we sampled 41 white pines in Tom Swamp at Harvard Forest in Petersham, Massachusetts. We sampled in June and July 2019 and excluded the 2017, 2018, and 2019 growth increments, because while the trees had regenerated naturally after a clear-cut in 1990, some of them were girdled and compressed in 2017, affecting their radial growth thereafter. All trees occupied a codominant canopy position and their surroundings did not show signs of recent disturbance. The trees ranged from 15 to 26 years of cambial age at breast height, had a single straight bole for at least 4 m above the root collar, and had no obvious signs of recent damage. They varied between 8 and 14 meters in height and between 15 and 25 cm in breast height diameter. We collected increment cores from all 41 trees at breast height (ca. 1.5m) and for a subset of ten trees near the next branch whorl above breast height using a 5.1mm three-threaded Haglöf standard increment borer (Långsele, Sweden). All of the increment cores went through the entire bole, which gave us two opposing series of radial growth. To study the longitudinal and circumferential distribution of density anomalies, we cut down a subset of seven trees and took cross-sections at breast height and in the stem section that grew in 2010 towards the top of the tree. After mounting the cores, we sanded the cores and cross-sections with incrementally finer sandpaper (e.g., 80 to 8000). We then scanned the cores and cross-sections using an Epson Perfection V600 Photo Scanner (Long Beach, California) at 2400 dpi.

After crossdating the cores and cross-sections, we visually recorded the presence of density anomalies in each growth ring. Density anomalies were easily identifiable as a relatively dark band that interrupted a growth increment. For measurements of ring width and position of the density anomalies, we used the self-developed and open source Tree Ring Image and Analysis Database (http://phenocam.nau.edu/TRIAD/) platform. We used the open source GNU Image Manipulation Program v2.8 (https://www.gimp.org/) to measure the arc of density anomalies in scans of cross-sections from breast height and the top of the tree.

Harvard Forest

324 North Main Street Petersham MA 01366 USA

(978) 724-3302 (978) 724-3595 https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu https://ror.org/059cpzx98 pointOfContact The Harvard Forest Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) program examines ecological dynamics in the New England region resulting from natural disturbances, environmental change, and human impacts. National Science Foundation LTER grants: DEB-8811764, DEB-9411975, DEB-0080592, DEB-0620443, DEB-1237491, DEB-1832210. hf347-01-density-anomaly-data.csv density anomaly data hf347-01-density-anomaly-data.csv 191213 8470cd47fb20990d20cf2d7e81155830 1 \r\n column , https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p34/hf347/hf347-01-density-anomaly-data.csv year year of the annual growth increment YYYY 1 year NA missing value tree.id identifying number of the tree identifying number of the tree NA missing value study study that the tree was selected for study that the tree was selected for alternative.id identifying number for the study that the tree was originally selected for identifying number for the study that the tree was originally selected for NA missing value samplelocation tree location tree location NA missing value ringwidthbh.1 first ring width from an increment core taken at breast height millimeter 0.000000001 real NA missing value ringwidthbh.2 second ring width from an increment core taken at breast height millimeter 0.000000001 real NA missing value ringwidth2010.1 firest ring width measured from the 2010 cookie millimeter 0.000000001 real NA missing value ringwidth2010.2 second ring width measured from the 2010 cookie millimeter 0.000000001 real NA missing value ringwidthnearbranch.1 first ring width measured from an increment core taken near a branch whorl millimeter 0.000000001 real NA missing value ringwidthnearbranch.2 second ring width measured from an increment core taken near a branch whorl millimeter 0.000000001 real NA missing value apicalgrowth apical growth of the annual growth increment between branch whorls millimeter 0.000000001 real NA missing value apicalgrowth.l apical growth of the annual growth increment between branch whorls from the smaller leader millimeter 0.000000001 real NA missing value dabh.1 number of density anomalies in first profile of breast height increment core number 1 whole NA missing value dabh.2 number of density anomalies in second profile of breast height increment core number 0.000000001 whole NA missing value da2010.1 number of density anomalies in first profile of 2010 cookie number 0.000000001 whole NA missing value da2010.2 number of density anomalies in second profile of 2010 cookie number 1 whole NA missing value dabranch.1 number of density anomalies in first profile of branch increment core number 1 whole NA missing value dabranch.2 number of density anomalies in second profile of branch increment core number 1 whole NA missing value positiondabh.1.1 distance of density anomaly in from ring boundary of the previous winter in first profile millimeter 0.000000001 real NA missing value positiondabh.1.2 distance of density anomaly in from ring boundary of the previous winter in first profile if there is a second density anomaly millimeter 0.000000001 real NA missing value positiondabh.2.1 distance of density anomaly in from ring boundary of the previous winter in second profile millimeter 0.000000001 real NA missing value positiondabh.2.2 distance of density anomaly in from ring boundary of the previous winter in second profile if there is a second density anomaly millimeter 0.000000001 real NA missing value percentagedabh.1.1 location of density anomaly as percent of the ring width dimensionless 1 whole NA missing value percentagedabh.1.2 location of density anomaly as percent of the ring width dimensionless 1 whole NA missing value percentagedabh.2.1 location of density anomaly as percent of the ring width dimensionless 1 whole NA missing value percentagedabh.2.2 location of density anomaly as percent of the ring width dimensionless 1 whole NA missing value positiondabranch.1.1 distance of density anomaly in from ring boundary of the previous winter in first profile in the branch core millimeter 0.000000001 real NA missing value positiondabranch.1.2 distance of density anomaly in from ring boundary of the previous winter in first profile if there is a second da millimeter 0.000000001 real NA missing value positiondabranch.2.1 distance of density anomaly in from ring boundary of the previous winter in second profile in the branch core millimeter 0.000000001 real NA missing value positiondabranch.2.2 distance of density anomaly in from ring boundary of the previous winter in second profile if there is a second da in the branch core millimeter 0.000000001 real NA missing value percentagedabranch.1.1 location of density anomaly as percent of the ring width dimensionless 1 whole NA missing value percentagedabranch.1.2 location of density anomaly as percent of the ring width dimensionless 1 whole NA missing value percentagedabranch.2.1 location of density anomaly as percent of the ring width dimensionless 1 whole NA missing value percentagedabranch.2.2 location of density anomaly as percent of the ring width dimensionless 1 whole NA missing value positionda2010.1.1 distance of density anomaly in from ring boundary of the previous winter in first profile millimeter 0.000000001 real NA missing value positionda2010.1.2 distance of density anomaly in from ring boundary of the previous winter in first profile if there is a second da millimeter 0.000000001 real NA missing value positionda2010.2.1 distance of density anomaly in from ring boundary of the previous winter in second profile millimeter 0.000000001 real NA missing value positionda2010.2.2 distance of density anomaly in from ring boundary of the previous winter in second profile if there is a second millimeter 0.000000001 real NA missing value percentageda2010.1.1 location of density anomaly as percent of the ring width dimensionless 1 whole NA missing value percentageda2010.1.2 location of density anomaly as percent of the ring width dimensionless 1 whole NA missing value percentageda2010.2.1 location of density anomaly as percent of the ring width dimensionless 1 whole NA missing value percentageda2010.2.2 location of density anomaly as percent of the ring width dimensionless 1 whole NA missing value bhsection id number of the bh section id number of the bh section NA missing value 2010section id number of the 2010 section id number of the 2010 section NA missing value arcbh arc of the density anomaly in the breast height cookie degree 1 whole NA missing value arc2010 arc of the density anomaly in the 2010 cookie degree 1 whole NA missing value oldestannualincbh oldest ring in the breast height increment YYYY 1 year NA missing value pithinimagebh pith in the image TRUE pith is in the image FALSE pith is not in the image NA missing value cambialagebh cambial age at breast height number 1 whole NA missing value oldestannualincbranch oldest ring in the branch increment YYYY 1 year NA missing value pithinimagebranch pith in the image TRUE pith is in the image FALSE pith is not in the image NA missing value cambialagebranch cambial age at branch (years) number 1 whole NA missing value woodagebh wood age at breast height (latest year minus the earliest year) (years) number 1 whole NA missing value woodagebranch wood age at branch (years) number 1 whole NA missing value woodage2010 wood age in the 2010 cross section (years) number 1 whole NA missing value 845 hf347-02-density-anomaly-analysis-code.zip R code density anomaly analysis hf347-02-density-anomaly-analysis-code.zip 257332 03c27872d591c7dcebf64e4813e7b781 zip R script https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p34/hf347/hf347-02-density-anomaly-analysis-code.zip script historical community short-term measurement https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/exist/apps/datasets/showData.html?id=hf348 https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/exist/apps/archives/views/view-item.xql?id=10661