uid=HFR,o=lter,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=org all public read doi:10.6073/pasta/338e836be7cd3a5b7d4b7aabe54a2969 Tim Rademacher https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0627-6564 Andrew Richardson https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0148-6714 Researcher Mark VanScoy Researcher 2023 English

Diameters were measured with a diameter tape at 1.5 m above the root collar at the beginning of the study in February 2017. Heights were measured three times with a laser hypsometer in February of 2017. Ages were estimated by simply counting growth rings from two increment cores taken in 2020 with a standard increment corer and prepared according to dendrochronological procedures (mounting, sanding, etc.).

Microcores were collected on a weekly basis using a Trephor tool (Rossi et al., 2006). The cores were stored in solution (75% ethanol (95%) and 25% glacial acetic acid) for 24 hours, when they were transferred to only ethanol (95%) until further processing. Microsections were double-stained with astra-blue and safranin after cutting (7 μm-thick cross-sectional cuts) with a rotary microtome (Leica RM2245, Switzerland) from paraffin-embedded samples (Tissue Processor 1020 Leica, Switzerland). Images of the microsections were captured using a digital slide-scanner (Zeiss Axio Scan.Z1, Germany) with a resolution of roughly 1.5 pixels per μm. Cell counts for each developmental process (cambial, enlargening, thickening, and mature cells) were performed on three radial files and their band widths were measured using the Wood Image Analysis and Database (https://wiad.science; Rademacher et al., 2021).

Stem and foliage soluble sugar and starch concentrations were determined from tissue samples collected at the first Wednesday of each month throughout the growing season. Stems were cored using an increment borer (5.15 mm diameter, Haglӧf Company Group, Långsele, Sweden). Foliage samples were collected from a sun-exposed part of the crown with a bucket lift and pole pruner. All sampled tissues were immediately shock-frozen on dry ice in the field and kept frozen until further processing (-60℃). Samples were eventually cut using razor blades and freeze-dried (FreeZone 2.5, Labconco, Kansas City, Missouri, USA and Hybrid Vacuum Pump, Vaccubrand, Wertheim, Germany). Dried samples were ground by Wiley mill with mesh 20 (Thomas Scientific Wiley Mill, Swedesboro, New Jersey, USA) and homogenised (SPEX SamplePrep 1600, MiniG, Metuchen, New Jersey, USA). For white pine, we processed an equal mix of first- and second-year needles, while we used several leaves for maples and oak. For stems, we homogenised the first centimetre of xylem tissue without the bark and phloem. For all samples about 40 mg of finely ground and dried powder was analysed using a colourimetric assay with phenol-sulfuric acid following ethanol extraction according to the protocol by Chow and Landhäusser (2004) as adapted by Furze et al. (2019). Using a spectrophotometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific GENESYS 10S UV-Vis, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA) we read absorbances twice at 490 nm for sugar and 525 nm for starch, and calibrated the absorbance values with a 1:1:1 glucose:fructose:galactose (Sigma Chemicals, St. Louis, Missouri, USA) standard curve for sugar and a glucose (Sigma Chemicals, St. Louis, Missouri, USA) standard curve for starch. Each batch of samples included roughly 40 samples, including always both tube and sample blanks and additional laboratory control standards for quality control (red oak stem wood, Harvard Forest, Petersham, Massachusetts, USA; potato starch, Sigma Chemicals, St. Louis, Missouri, USA). All samples’ absorbance values were converted to concentrations in % dry weight and uncertainties with the self-developed R package NSCprocessR (https://github.com/TTRademacher/NSCprocessR).

Stem CO2 efflux was measured using the Flux Puppy system (Carbone et al., 2019). Chambers (10 cm diameter by 10 cm length PVC pipe) were cut to fit each tree’s stem curvature at 1.5 m and attached to all trees in April of 2018 silicone adhesive. An infrared gas analyser (LI-820 or LI-840, LI-COR, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA) with a circulating pump (12K, Boxer, Ottobeuren, Germany) was attached to the chambers using a PVC cap with two ports to constantly circulate air through the closed system. Once the lid was closed and the concentration stabilised, the chamber CO2 concentration was measured at 1 Hz for at least 90 seconds. To minimise any effect of diel and environmental influences on treatment differences in CO2 efflux, we measured CO2 efflux at the same time of day for each tree throughout the measurement campaign starting around 13:00h local time. The raw stem CO2 efflux and uncertainties were estimated using the RespChamberProc package (https://r-forge.r-project.org/projects/respchamberproc; Perez-Priego et al., 2015).

Leaf phenology was observed following the protocol by John O’Keefe (HF003) for all trees in our study.

Chow and Landhäusser (2004) “A method for routine measurements of total sugar and starch content in woody plant tissues”, Tree Physiology, 24 (10), 1120-1136, doi:10.1093/treephys/24.10.1129 Perez-Priego et al. (2015) “Sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence and photochemical reflectance index improve remote-sensing gross primary production estimates under varying nutrient availability in a typical Mediterranean savanna ecosystem”, Biogeosciences, 12 (21), 6351-6367, doi:10.5194/bg-12-6351-2015 Rademacher et al. (2021) “The Wood Image Analysis and Dataset (WIAD): open-access visual analysis tools to advance the ecological data revolution”, Methods in Ecology and Evolution 12: 2379-2387. doi:https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.12.16.423133 Rossi et al. (2006) “Trephor: A New Tool for Sampling Microcores from tree stems”, IAWA Journal, 89-97, doi:10.1163/22941932-90000139

Harvard Forest

324 North Main Street Petersham MA 01366 USA

(978) 724-3302 (978) 724-3595 https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu https://ror.org/059cpzx98 pointOfContact The Harvard Forest Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) program examines ecological dynamics in the New England region resulting from natural disturbances, environmental change, and human impacts. National Science Foundation LTER grants: DEB-8811764, DEB-9411975, DEB-0080592, DEB-0620443, DEB-1237491, DEB-1832210. hf361-01-allometric.csv allometric data hf361-01-allometric.csv 1715 ca28d9a8689530efac3af1363189d6d5 1 \r\n column , https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p36/hf361/hf361-01-allometric.csv tree.id tree identifier tree identifier NA missing value species tree species Acer rubrum red maple Pinus strobus white pine Quercus rubrum red oak NA missing value utm18T.easting location of tree stem base with reference to UTM 18T meter 1 natural NA missing value utm18T.northing location of tree stem base with reference to UTM 18T meter 1 natural NA missing value circumference tree stem circumference at 1.5 m centimeter 0.1 real NA missing value radius tree stem radius at 1.5 m centimeter 1 natural NA missing value diameter tree stem diameter at 1.5 m centimeter 1 natural NA missing value h1 first tree height measurement meter 0.1 real NA missing value h2 second tree height measurement meter 0.1 real NA missing value h3 third tree height measurement meter 0.1 real NA missing value h mean tree height meter 0.1 real NA missing value age minimum estimate of tree age in years from counting visible growth rings in increment cores number 1 natural NA missing value comments comments comments NA missing value 21 hf361-02-band-width.csv growth data from band width measurements hf361-02-band-width.csv 174688 737cead594261437a2257a63716c6370 1 \r\n column , https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p36/hf361/hf361-02-band-width.csv study type of study Obs observational study without treatment NA missing value tree.id identifier for the tree identifier for the tree NA missing value species tree species Acer rubrum red maple Pinus strobus white pine Quercus rubra red oak sample.number number of the sample collected for that particular species in that specific year number of the sample collected for that particular species in that specific year NA missing value year year during which the sample was collected YYYY 1 year NA missing value date date on which the sample was collected YYYY-MM-DD 1 day NA missing value doy day of the year on which the sample was collected nominalDay 1 natural NA missing value c1 band width of cambial cell in first radial file micrometer 0.1 real NA missing value c2 band width of cambial cell in second radial file micrometer 0.1 real NA missing value c3 band width of cambial cell in third radial file micrometer 0.1 real NA missing value cq quality of cambial cell observations 0 very poor quality — counting or measurements are not done directly on the section, but are guessed by the expert using all the clues available on the section 1 poor quality — counting or measurements are based on only one complete radial file 2 decent quality — counting or measurements are based on few adjacent complete radial files 3 good quality — counting or measurements are based on few complete radial files distributed in different regions of the section, but shapes or colours are blurred 4 very good quality — counting or measurements are based on several complete radial files distributed in different regions of the section, shapes and colours are plain 5 excellent quality — perfect anatomical section (to keep for illustrations) NA missing value e1 band width of expanding cells in the first radial file micrometer 0.1 real NA missing value e2 band width of expanding cells in the second radial file micrometer 0.1 real NA missing value e3 band width of expanding cells in the third radial file micrometer 0.1 real NA missing value eq quality of expanding cell observations with the same key as column 10 “cq” quality of expanding cell observations with the same key as column 10 “cq” NA missing value w1 band width of thickening cells in the first radial file micrometer 0.1 real NA missing value w2 band width of thickening cells in the second radial file micrometer 0.1 real NA missing value w3 band width of thickening cells in the third radial file micrometer 0.1 real NA missing value wq quality of thickening cell observations with the same key as column 10 “cq” quality of thickening cell observations with the same key as column 10 “cq” NA missing value m1 band width of cells in the first radial file micrometer 0.1 real NA missing value m2 band width of cells in the second radial file micrometer 0.1 real NA missing value m3 band width of mature cells in the third radial file micrometer 0.1 real NA missing value mq quality of mature cell observations with the same key as column 10 “cq” quality of mature cell observations with the same key as column 10 “cq” NA missing value p1 tree-ring width in the first radial file of the previous tree-ring, aka year before the monitoring micrometer 0.1 real NA missing value p2 tree-ring width in the second radial file of the previous tree-ring, aka year before the monitoring micrometer 0.1 real NA missing value p3 tree-ring width in the third radial file of the previous tree-ring, aka year before the monitoring micrometer 0.1 real NA missing value pq quality of width measurements of previous tree-ring with the same key as column 10 “cq” quality of width measurements of previous tree-ring with the same key as column 10 “cq” NA missing value comments comments comments NA missing value 1588 hf361-03-cell-count.csv growth data from cell counts hf361-03-cell-count.csv 53170 45e935c88b39b3e485d8fab61e625ed8 1 \r\n column , https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p36/hf361/hf361-03-cell-count.csv study type of study Obs observational study without treatment NA missing value tree.id identifier for the tree identifier for the tree NA missing value species tree species Acer rubrum red maple Pinus strobus white pine Quercus rubrum red oak sample.number number of the sample collected for that particular species in that specific year number of the sample collected for that particular species in that specific year NA missing value year year during which the sample was collected YYYY 1 year NA missing value date date on which the sample was collected YYYY-MM-DD 1 day NA missing value doy day of the year on which the sample was collected nominalDay 1 natural NA missing value c1 number of cambial cells in first radial file number 1 whole NA missing value c2 number of cambial cells in second radial file number 1 whole NA missing value c3 number of cambial cells in third radial file number 1 whole NA missing value cq quality of cambial cell observations 0 very poor quality — counting or measurements are not done directly on the section, but are guessed by the expert using all the clues available on the section 1 poor quality — counting or measurements are based on only one complete radial file 2 decent quality — counting or measurements are based on few adjacent complete radial files 3 good quality — counting or measurements are based on few complete radial files distributed in different regions of the section, but shapes or colours are blurred 4 very good quality — counting or measurements are based on several complete radial files distributed in different regions of the section, shapes and colours are plain 5 excellent quality — perfect anatomical section (to keep for illustrations) NA missing value e1 number of expanding cells in the first radial file number 1 whole NA missing value e2 number of expanding cells in the second radial file number 1 whole NA missing value e3 number of expanding cells in the third radial file number 1 whole NA missing value eq quality of expanding cell observations with the same key as column 10 “cq” quality of expanding cell observations with the same key as column 10 “cq” NA missing value w1 number of thickening cells in the first radial file number 1 whole NA missing value w2 number of thickening cells in the second radial file number 1 whole NA missing value w3 number of thickening cells in the third radial file number 1 whole NA missing value wq quality of thickening cell observations with the same key as column 10 “cq” quality of thickening cell observations with the same key as column 10 “cq” NA missing value m1 number of mature cells in the first radial file number 1 whole NA missing value m2 number of mature cells in the second radial file number 1 whole NA missing value m3 number of mature cells in the third radial file number 1 whole NA missing value mq quality of mature cell observations with the same key as column 10 “cq” quality of mature cell observations with the same key as column 10 “cq” NA missing value p1 tree-ring width in the first radial file of the previous tree-ring, aka year before the monitoring micrometer 1 natural NA missing value p2 tree-ring width in the second radial file of the previous tree-ring, aka year before the monitoring micrometer 1 natural NA missing value p3 tree-ring width in the third radial file of the previous tree-ring, aka year before the monitoring micrometer 1 natural NA missing value pq quality of width measurements of previous tree-ring with the same key as column 10 “cq” quality of width measurements of previous tree-ring with the same key as column 10 “cq” NA missing value comments comments comments NA missing value 546 hf361-04-nsc-sample.csv list of samples for nonstructural carbon data hf361-04-nsc-sample.csv 21956 20f624162915717178699bdc49e855a1 1 \r\n column , https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p36/hf361/hf361-04-nsc-sample.csv study type of study Obs observational study without treatment NA missing value tree.id identifier for the tree identifier for the tree NA missing value tissue type of tissue of the sample type of tissue of the sample NA missing value date date of sample collection YYYY-MM-DD 1 day NA missing value rc.lab.number lab-internal number identifying the sample in the Richardson-Carbone lab at Northern Arizona University lab-internal number identifying the sample in the Richardson-Carbone lab at Northern Arizona University NA missing value month month of sample collection number 1 natural NA missing value day day of sample collection number 1 natural NA missing value year year of sample collection YYYY 1 year NA missing value month.abbreviation month of sample collection month of sample collection NA missing value 416 hf361-05-nsc-leaves.csv nonstructrual carbon data for foliage samples hf361-05-nsc-leaves.csv 74642 f176dce16ee0ceb8b5882e4d987b95ee 1 \r\n column , https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p36/hf361/hf361-05-nsc-leaves.csv rc.lab.number lab-internal number identifying the sample in the Richardson-Carbone lab at Northern Arizona University lab-internal number identifying the sample in the Richardson-Carbone lab at Northern Arizona University NA missing value sample.id identifier for the sample identifier for the sample NA missing value tissue type of tissue of the sample B blank Foliage foliage tissue LCS laboratory control standard Ref reference values of various concentrations Root root Stem stem tissue TB tube blank Wood wood Free text (unrestricted) .* NA missing value batch.id identifier of the batch of samples, as all samples were generally processed in batches of 40 tubes (including laboratory standards, reference values for calibration, tube blanks, and sample blanks) identifier of the batch of samples NA missing value sample.location sample site sample site NA missing value date date of sample collection YYYY-MM-DD 1 day NA missing value date.sugar.analysis date the sugar analysis of the sample was performed YYYY-MM-DD 1 day NA missing value date.starch.analysis date the starch analysis of the sample was performed YYYY-MM-DD 1 day NA missing value mass.empty mass of the empty tube without the sample gram 0.0001 real NA missing value mass mass of the tube with the sample gram 0.0001 real NA missing value absorbance490.1 first absorbance value reading at 490 nm dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value absorbance490.2 second absorbance value reading at 490 nm dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value absorbance490.blank absorbance value reading at 490 nm for the blank dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value absorbance525.1 first absorbance value reading at 525 nm dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value absorbance525.2 second absorbance value reading at 525 nm dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value dilution.factor.sugar factor by which the sugar extract was diluted dimensionless 1 natural NA missing value volume.sugar volume of the sugar extract milliliter 1 real NA missing value dilution.factor.starch factor by which the starch extract was diluted dimensionless 1 natural NA missing value volume.starch volume of the starch extract milliliter 1 natural NA missing value comments comments comments NA missing value 550 hf361-06-nsc-wood-1cm.csv nonstructrual carbon data for first cm of increment core samples hf361-06-nsc-wood-1cm.csv 34094 248f589ec34bd3d078f21a9af1aca9a6 1 \r\n column , https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p36/hf361/hf361-06-nsc-wood-1cm.csv rc.lab.number lab-internal number identifying the sample in the Richardson-Carbone lab at Northern Arizona University lab-internal number identifying the sample in the Richardson-Carbone lab at Northern Arizona University NA missing value sample.id identifier for the sample identifier for the sample NA missing value tissue type of tissue of the sample B blank Foliage foliage tissue LCS laboratory control standard Ref reference values of various concentrations Root root Stem stem tissue TB tube blank Wood wood Free text (unrestricted) .* NA missing value batch.id identifier of the batch of samples, as all samples were generally processed in batches of 40 tubes (including laboratory standards, reference values for calibration, tube blanks, and sample blanks) identifier of the batch of samples NA missing value sample.location sample site sample site NA missing value date date of sample collection YYYY-MM-DD 1 day NA missing value date.sugar.analysis date the sugar analysis of the sample was performed YYYY-MM-DD 1 day NA missing value date.starch.analysis date the starch analysis of the sample was performed YYYY-MM-DD 1 day NA missing value mass.empty mass of the empty tube without the sample gram 0.0001 real NA missing value mass mass of the tube with the sample gram 0.0001 real NA missing value absorbance490.1 first absorbance value reading at 490 nm dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value absorbance490.2 second absorbance value reading at 490 nm dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value absorbance490.blank absorbance value reading at 490 nm for the blank dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value absorbance525.1 first absorbance value reading at 525 nm dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value absorbance525.2 second absorbance value reading at 525 nm dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value dilution.factor.sugar factor by which the sugar extract was diluted dimensionless 1 natural NA missing value volume.sugar volume of the sugar extract milliliter 1 real NA missing value dilution.factor.starch factor by which the starch extract was diluted dimensionless 1 natural NA missing value volume.starch volume of the starch extract milliliter 1 natural NA missing value comments comments comments NA missing value 258 hf361-07-nsc-wood-lcs.csv data for the calibration curves and laboratory control standards for the wood samples hf361-07-nsc-wood-lcs.csv 9472 ba51cf42468bf26bb87473976ef3f24d 1 \r\n column , https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p36/hf361/hf361-07-nsc-wood-lcs.csv rc.lab.number lab-internal number identifying the sample in the Richardson-Carbone lab at Northern Arizona University lab-internal number identifying the sample in the Richardson-Carbone lab at Northern Arizona University NA missing value sample.id identifier for the sample identifier for the sample NA missing value tissue type of tissue of the sample B blank Foliage foliage tissue LCS laboratory control standard Ref reference values of various concentrations Root root Stem stem tissue TB tube blank Wood wood Free text (unrestricted) .* NA missing value batch.id identifier of the batch of samples, as all samples were generally processed in batches of 40 tubes (including laboratory standards, reference values for calibration, tube blanks, and sample blanks) identifier of the batch of samples NA missing value sample.location sample site sample site NA missing value date date of sample collection YYYY-MM-DD 1 day NA missing value date.sugar.analysis date the sugar analysis of the sample was performed YYYY-MM-DD 1 day NA missing value date.starch.analysis date the starch analysis of the sample was performed YYYY-MM-DD 1 day NA missing value mass.empty mass of the empty tube without the sample gram 0.0001 real NA missing value mass mass of the tube with the sample gram 0.0001 real NA missing value absorbance490.1 first absorbance value reading at 490 nm dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value absorbance490.2 second absorbance value reading at 490 nm dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value absorbance490.blank absorbance value reading at 490 nm for the blank dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value absorbance525.1 first absorbance value reading at 525 nm dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value absorbance525.2 second absorbance value reading at 525 nm dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value dilution.factor.sugar factor by which the sugar extract was diluted dimensionless 1 natural NA missing value volume.sugar volume of the sugar extract milliliter 1 real NA missing value dilution.factor.starch factor by which the starch extract was diluted dimensionless 1 natural NA missing value volume.starch volume of the starch extract milliliter 1 natural NA missing value comments comments comments NA missing value 80 hf361-08-stem-efflux.csv stem CO2 efflux data hf361-08-stem-efflux.csv 275899 4a7eb7cbac1f0c46b04915414342652d 1 \r\n column , https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p36/hf361/hf361-08-stem-efflux.csv file name of the raw data file name of the raw data file NA missing value study study Obs obervational study without treatment treatment possible experimental treatment 1 control NA missing value tree.id identifier for tree identifier for tree NA missing value species tree species Acer rubrum red maple Pinus strobus white pine Quercus rubra red oak Free text (unrestricted) .* chamber chamber identifier 1 1.5 m above ground on main stem NA missing value chamber.volume volume of the respiration chamber cubicMeter 0.000000000000000001 real NA missing value chamber.area stem surface area covered by the chamber squareMeter 0.000000001 real NA missing value datetime time stamp of when the measurement was started YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss 1 second NA missing value session identifier for the session of respiration measurements, which was needed for processing identifier for the session of respiration measurements, which was needed for processing NA missing value flux.raw mean CO2 efflux from given chamber micromolePerMeterSquaredPerSecond 0.000000001 real NA missing value sd.flux.raw standard deviation of respiratory flux from given chamber micromolePerMeterSquaredPerSecond 0.000000001 real NA missing value aic.raw Akaike Information Criterion of linear regression model fitted to CO2 curve dimensionless 0.0000001 real NA missing value r2.raw R2 of the fitted linear regression model fitted to CO2 curve dimensionless 0.000000001 real NA missing value flux.atm mean CO2 efflux from given chamber after correction for water vapor dilution using atmospheric humidity micromolePerMeterSquaredPerSecond 0.000000001 real NA missing value sd.flux.atm standard deviation of respiratory flux from given chamber after correction for water vapor dilution using atmospheric humidity micromolePerMeterSquaredPerSecond 0.000000001 real NA missing value aic.atm Akaike Information Criterion of linear regression model fitted to CO2 curve after correction for water vapor dilution using atmospheric humidity dimensionless 0.0000001 real NA missing value r2.atm R2 of the fitted linear regression model fitted to CO2 curve after correction for water vapor dilution using atmospheric humidity dimensionless 0.000000001 real NA missing value flux.int mean CO2 efflux from given chamber after correction for water vapor dilution using internal humidity from LiCOR-840 micromolePerMeterSquaredPerSecond 0.000000001 real NA missing value sd.flux.int standard deviation of respiratory flux from given chamber after correction for water vapor dilution using internal humidity from LiCOR-840 micromolePerMeterSquaredPerSecond 0.000000001 real NA missing value aic.int Akaike Information Criterion of linear regression model fitted to CO2 curve after correction for water vapor dilution using internal humidity from LiCOR-840 dimensionless 0.0000001 real NA missing value r2.int R2 of the fitted linear regression model fitted to CO2 curve after correction for water vapor dilution using internal humidity from LiCOR-840 dimensionless 0.000000001 real NA missing value ea.pa atmospheric water vapor pressure calculated from humidity from Fisher meteorological station at time of measurement pascal 0.0000001 real NA missing value airt.c surface air temperature at time of measurement celsius 0.1 real NA missing value soilt1.c soil temperature at 2.25 cm near the Barn Tower at time of measurement celsius 0.001 real NA missing value soilt2.c soil temperature at 6.80 cm near the Barn Tower at time of measurement celsius 0.001 real NA missing value soilt3.c soil temperature at 12.85 cm near the Barn Tower at time of measurement celsius 0.001 real NA missing value soilt4.c soil temperature at 22.75 cm near the Barn Tower at time of measurement celsius 0.001 real NA missing value pres.pa atmospheric barometric pressure from Fisher meteorological station at time of measurement celsius 1 natural NA missing value h2o.ppt.atm atmospheric humidity from Fisher meteorological station at time of measurement in parts per thousand dimensionless 0.000000001 real NA missing value h2o.ppt.int internal humidity from LiCOR-840 at time of measurement in parts per thousand dimensionless 0.000000001 real NA missing value vwc.daily daily mean volumetric water content from probes near the Barn Tower for day of measurement dimensionless 0.000000001 real NA missing value vwc1 10-mean volumetric water content at 2.25 cm from probe near the Barn Tower at time of measurement dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value vwc2 10-mean volumetric water content at 6.80 cm from probe near the Barn Tower at time of measurement dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value vwc3 10-mean volumetric water content at 12.85 cm from probe near the Barn Tower at time of measurement dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value vwc4 10-mean volumetric water content at 22.75 cm from probe near the Barn Tower at time of measurement dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value total.rad total downwelling shortwave radiation at the top of the Barn Tower at time of measurement wattPerMeterSquared 0.000000001 real NA missing value diffuse.rad diffuse downwelling shortwave radiation at the top of the Barn Tower at time of measurement wattPerMeterSquared 0.000000001 real NA missing value 822 hf361-09-leaf-phenology.csv leaf phenology, spring and fall hf361-09-leaf-phenology.csv 3424 998ea421d304cf66de2066c2435d3367 1 \r\n column , https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p36/hf361/hf361-09-leaf-phenology.csv study study Obs observational study without treatment NA missing value treatment possible experimental treatment 1 control NA missing value year year of measurement YYYY 1 year NA missing value tree.id tree identifier tree identifier NA missing value species tree species Acer rubrum red maple Pinus strobus white pine Quercus rubrum red oak bb.doy day of year on which 50% of the buds were open with visible leaves nominalDay 1 natural NA missing value l75.doy day of year on which 50% of the leaves were developed to 75% of their final size nominalDay 1 natural NA missing value fbb.doy day of year on which flower buds first broke with petals visible nominalDay 1 natural NA missing value fopn.doy day of year on which 50% of the flower buds were open nominalDay 1 natural NA missing value lc.doy day of year on which 50% of the leaves have changed color on a given tree nominalDay 1 natural NA missing value lf.doy day of year on which 50% of the leaves have fallen from a given tree nominalDay 1 natural NA missing value comments comments comments NA missing value 61 atmosphere international community short-term measurement https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/exist/apps/datasets/showData.html?id=hf003 https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/exist/apps/datasets/showData.html?id=hf347 https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/exist/apps/datasets/showData.html?id=hf348 https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/exist/apps/archives/views/view-item.xql?id=10661 https://wiad.science/