uid=HFR,o=lter,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=org all public read doi:10.6073/pasta/067280d6ba72bfeec79d1f583a77be1f Deena Duranleau Elizabeth Chilton https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9720-9262 Researcher Dianna Doucette Researcher David Foster https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1171-3762 Researcher 2023 English

Site Type delineates the type of pre-Contact site represented by the artifacts and features identified at a location, which ranges from a Find Spot (FS) (a tool or piece of chipping debris found on the surface or found alone), and a Short-term Site (ST) (presence of artifacts indicating temporary use of a location), to a Seasonal Site (SE) (a site containing evidence of repeated occupation over long periods of time and with features and evidence for a broad range of activities), and a Sedentary Site (SD) (evidence of year-round habitation in form of botanical, faunal, fish and shellfish remains; presence of hearths, storage pits and middens; large variety and great quantity of tool types).

Time Periods include: the Paleoindian Period (P) (12,000-10,000 BP); Early Archaic (EA) (10,000-8000 BP), Middle Archaic (MA) (8000-6000 BP), Late Archaic (LA) (6000-3000 BP), Transitional Archaic (TA) (3500-2500 BP), Early Woodland (EW) (3000-2000 BP), Middle Woodland (MW) (2000-1000 BP), Late Woodland (LW) (1000-500 BP), Contact period (C) (A.D. 1500-1620), and sites of unknown temporal affiliation (U).

The activities represented by the artifacts recovered from the sites include: lithic tool repair (LTR) (chipping debris), lithic workshop (LTW) (chipping debris, hammerstones, cores), hunting (HU) (faunal material and/or projectile points), fishing (FI) (net weights, fish hooks, fish bone), shellfish gathering (SG) (presence of shell), plant gathering (PG) (presence of charred seeds and/or nuts), food processing (FP) (bifaces, scrapers, knives, blades, and other lithic tools, fauna, shellfish, botanical remains), cooking (CK) (hearth, steatite, fire-cracked rock [fcr], burnt faunal and botanical remains, pottery), storage (ST) (pottery, pit feature, steatite), disposal (DI) (midden, pit feature), horticulture (HO) (maize, hoes), burial (BU), and ceremonial (CE) (presence of exotic items, pendants, decorative artifacts).

The locations of the archaeological excavations on file at the Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, and New York State Historical commissions were mapped onto digital United States Geological Survey (USGS) Quadrangle maps. Linking these locations to individual site characteristics can show change or patterns both through time and synchronically in how pre-Contact groups utilized the coastal southeastern New England and Long Island, New York landscape. NOTE: To protect the integrity of archaeological sites, only site towns are provided; no specific geographic coordinates are given.

history human disturbance humans land use LTER controlled vocabulary disturbance land use human-environment LTER core area Harvard Forest HFR LTER USA HFR default

This dataset is released to the public under Creative Commons CC0 1.0 (No Rights Reserved). Please keep the dataset creators informed of any plans to use the dataset. Consultation with the original investigators is strongly encouraged. Publications and data products that make use of the dataset should include proper acknowledgement.

Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal https://spdx.org/licenses/CC0-1.0.html CC0-1.0 https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/exist/apps/datasets/showData.html?id=hf363 New York Coast, Southern New England Coast. Coordinates based on WGS84 datum. -73.70 -69.92 +42.11 +40.50 0 205 meter -10000 -8000 genus Homo species sapiens human complete Information Manager Harvard Forest

324 North Main Street Petersham MA 01366 USA

(978) 724-3302 hf-im@lists.fas.harvard.edu Harvard Forest

324 North Main Street Petersham MA 01366 USA

(978) 724-3302 (978) 724-3595 https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu

Data for coastal Massachusetts was obtained from the Massachusetts Historical Commission (MHC) in Boston, a consultation with the State Archaeologist, Brona Simon, and examination of Cultural Resource Management (CRM) reports. The CRM reports document subsurface testing for coastal Massachusetts, including Cape Cod, the Buzzard’s Bay region, and the islands of Nantucket and Martha’s Vineyard on file at the Commission as of August 2004. These reports include intensive surveys, site examinations, data recovery excavations, field school projects, National Park Service (NPS) surveys, Massachusetts Historical Commission (MHC) overviews, and reports on Massachusetts Archaeological Society (MAS) investigations and collections.

Rhode Island data was obtained from The Rhode Island Historic Preservation and Heritage Commission (RIHPHC) in Providence, which houses the CRM reports for the state, and consultation with Dr. Paul Robinson, the State Archaeologist. Sources of information include intensive surveys, site examinations, data recoveries, and field school projects at the RIHPHC as of February 2005. Another source of information was the Public Archaeology Laboratory, a CRM firm located in Pawtucket, Rhode Island.

Information for Connecticut was obtained through State Archaeologist, Dr. Nicholas Bellantoni, in Storrs, Connecticut, and examination of intensive surveys, site examinations, and data recovery excavation reports for coastal Connecticut housed in the Dodd Research Center as of May 2005, on the campus of the University of Connecticut in Storrs. All editions of The Bulletin of the Archaeological Society of Connecticut were also examined.

Douglas Mackey at the New York Office of Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation (NYOPRHP) in Albany, which houses all of the CRM reports of projects conducted in New York, was consulted. Site examination and data recovery excavations conducted in coastal New York as of June 2005, and the Bulletin of the New York Archaeological Association were studied for information. For each of the states, a range of master and doctoral dissertations and relevant textbooks was investigated.

Because the different state agencies have slightly different ways of referring to site types, the MHC designations are used for consistency. For each state, intensive (locational) surveys are conducted by CRM archaeologists on parcels of land thought to contain archaeological resources because of favorable environmental conditions or because a known site is located either on the property or in close proximity to the project area. If these preliminary investigations result in the identification of archaeological resources deemed significant by researchers and the state governing agency (MHC, RIHPHC, Connecticut State Archaeologist, NYOPRHP), and the area of disturbance cannot be changed, a site examination will be conducted on the site to determine its boundaries, temporal association, integrity, the activities that occurred at the site, and its eligibility for nomination to the National Register of Historic Places. Upon completion of the site examination, if the archaeological resources are deemed potentially eligible for the Register and avoidance of the site cannot be insured, the state agency may require data recovery excavations, during which the site is placed in a temporal, local, and regional context. These excavations are conducted to answer questions about how the site is spatially patterned, how the activities being carried out at the site may have changed through time, and how this site fits in with other sites excavated in the area and in the region.

Harvard Forest

324 North Main Street Petersham MA 01366 USA

(978) 724-3302 (978) 724-3595 https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu https://ror.org/059cpzx98 pointOfContact The Harvard Forest Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) program examines ecological dynamics in the New England region resulting from natural disturbances, environmental change, and human impacts. National Science Foundation LTER grants: DEB-8811764, DEB-9411975, DEB-0080592, DEB-0620443, DEB-1237491, DEB-1832210. hf363-01-coastal-archaeological-sites.csv coastal archaeological sites hf363-01-coastal-archaeological-sites.csv 252828 57a8558dd310c84a75014f4be951f2a4 1 \r\n column , https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p36/hf363/hf363-01-coastal-archaeological-sites.csv project_ar archaeological site name archaeological site name NA missing value project_si comments on the size of the site comments on the size of the site NA missing value town_state town and state where site is located town and state where site is located NA missing value survey_type survey type line linear point point polygon area NA missing value precontact Native American material culture (12,000 – 450 years Before Present [BP]) 0 confirmed absence 1 confirmed presence 2 two confirmed presences in linear or area surveys 3 three confirmed presences in linear or area surveys 4 four confirmed presences in linear or area surveys NA missing value historic Euro-American material culture (post 450 BP) 0 confirmed absence 1 confirmed presence 2 two confirmed presences in linear or area surveys 3 three confirmed presences in linear or area surveys 4 four confirmed presences in linear or area surveys NA missing value ncm no cultural material 0 confirmed absence 1 confirmed presence 2 two confirmed presences in linear or area surveys 3 three confirmed presences in linear or area surveys 4 four confirmed presences in linear or area surveys NA missing value findspot tool or piece of chipping debris found on the surface or found alone 0 confirmed absence 1 confirmed presence 2 two confirmed presences in linear or area surveys 3 three confirmed presences in linear or area surveys 4 four confirmed presences in linear or area surveys NA missing value short_term artifacts indicating temporary use of a site, may have been used more than once 0 confirmed absence 1 confirmed presence 2 two confirmed presences in linear or area surveys 3 three confirmed presences in linear or area surveys 4 four confirmed presences in linear or area surveys NA missing value seasonal repeated occupation with features and evidence of broad range of activities 0 confirmed absence 1 confirmed presence 2 two confirmed presences in linear or area surveys 3 three confirmed presences in linear or area surveys 4 four confirmed presences in linear or area surveys NA missing value sedentary evidence of year-round habitation, hearths, storage pits, middens, large quantity and variety of artifact types 0 confirmed absence 1 confirmed presence 2 two confirmed presences in linear or area surveys 3 three confirmed presences in linear or area surveys 4 four confirmed presences in linear or area surveys NA missing value paleo early Paleoindian; material dated 12,000-10,000 BP 0 confirmed absence 1 confirmed presence 2 two confirmed presences in linear or area surveys 3 three confirmed presences in linear or area surveys 4 four confirmed presences in linear or area surveys NA missing value archearl early archaic material dated 10,000-8000 BP 0 confirmed absence 1 confirmed presence 2 two confirmed presences in linear or area surveys 3 three confirmed presences in linear or area surveys 4 four confirmed presences in linear or area surveys NA missing value archmid middle archaic material dated 8000-5000 BP 0 confirmed absence 1 confirmed presence 2 two confirmed presences in linear or area surveys 3 three confirmed presences in linear or area surveys 4 four confirmed presences in linear or area surveys NA missing value archlate late archaic material dated 5000-3000 BP 0 confirmed absence NA missing value woodtran woodland transition dated 3500-2500 BP 0 confirmed absence 1 confirmed presence 2 two confirmed presences in linear or area surveys 3 three confirmed presences in linear or area surveys 4 four confirmed presences in linear or area surveys NA missing value woodearl early woodland material dated 3000-2000 BP 0 confirmed absence 1 confirmed presence 2 two confirmed presences in linear or area surveys 3 three confirmed presences in linear or area surveys 4 four confirmed presences in linear or area surveys NA missing value woodmid middle woodland material dated 2000-1000 BP 0 confirmed absence 1 confirmed presence 2 two confirmed presences in linear or area surveys 3 three confirmed presences in linear or area surveys 4 four confirmed presences in linear or area surveys NA missing value woodlate late woodland material dated 1000-450 BP 0 confirmed absence 1 confirmed presence 2 two confirmed presences in linear or area surveys 3 three confirmed presences in linear or area surveys 4 four confirmed presences in linear or area surveys NA missing value contact_pe contact period material dated 450-300 BP 0 confirmed absence 1 confirmed presence 2 two confirmed presences in linear or area surveys 3 three confirmed presences in linear or area surveys 4 four confirmed presences in linear or area surveys NA missing value unknown temporal affiliation could not be determined because no diagnostic materials were found 0 confirmed absence 1 confirmed presence 2 two confirmed presences in linear or area surveys 3 three confirmed presences in linear or area surveys 4 four confirmed presences in linear or area surveys NA missing value lithic_wor lithic workshop, chipping debris, hammerstones, cores 0 confirmed absence 1 confirmed presence 2 two confirmed presences in linear or area surveys 3 three confirmed presences in linear or area surveys 4 four confirmed presences in linear or area surveys NA missing value hunting faunal material and/or projectile points 0 confirmed absence 1 confirmed presence 2 two confirmed presences in linear or area surveys 3 three confirmed presences in linear or area surveys 4 four confirmed presences in linear or area surveys NA missing value fishing net weights, fishhooks, fish bone/scales 0 confirmed absence 1 confirmed presence 2 two confirmed presences in linear or area surveys 3 three confirmed presences in linear or area surveys 4 four confirmed presences in linear or area surveys NA missing value shellfish shell 0 confirmed absence 1 confirmed presence 2 two confirmed presences in linear or area surveys 3 three confirmed presences in linear or area surveys 4 four confirmed presences in linear or area surveys NA missing value plant_gath charred seeds and/or nuts 0 confirmed absence 1 confirmed presence 2 two confirmed presences in linear or area surveys 3 three confirmed presences in linear or area surveys 4 four confirmed presences in linear or area surveys NA missing value food_proce food processing: bifaces, scrapers, knives, etc, fauna, shellfish, plant remains 0 confirmed absence 1 confirmed presence 2 two confirmed presences in linear or area surveys 3 three confirmed presences in linear or area surveys 4 four confirmed presences in linear or area surveys NA missing value cooking hearth, steatite, fire-cracked rock, charcoal, pottery, charred remains 0 confirmed absence 1 confirmed presence 2 two confirmed presences in linear or area surveys 3 three confirmed presences in linear or area surveys 4 four confirmed presences in linear or area surveys NA missing value storage pottery, pit feature, steatite 0 confirmed absence 1 confirmed presence 2 two confirmed presences in linear or area surveys 3 three confirmed presences in linear or area surveys 4 four confirmed presences in linear or area surveys NA missing value disposal pottery, pit feature, steatite 0 confirmed absence 1 confirmed presence 2 two confirmed presences in linear or area surveys 3 three confirmed presences in linear or area surveys 4 four confirmed presences in linear or area surveys NA missing value horticultu pottery, pit feature, steatite 0 confirmed absence 1 confirmed presence 2 two confirmed presences in linear or area surveys 3 three confirmed presences in linear or area surveys 4 four confirmed presences in linear or area surveys NA missing value burial pottery, pit feature, steatite 0 confirmed absence 1 confirmed presence 2 two confirmed presences in linear or area surveys 3 three confirmed presences in linear or area surveys 4 four confirmed presences in linear or area surveys NA missing value ceremonial exotic items, pendants, decorative artifacts 0 confirmed absence 1 confirmed presence 2 two confirmed presences in linear or area surveys 3 three confirmed presences in linear or area surveys 4 four confirmed presences in linear or area surveys NA missing value comments notes to researchers 0 confirmed absence 1 confirmed presence 2 two confirmed presences in linear or area surveys 3 three confirmed presences in linear or area surveys 4 four confirmed presences in linear or area surveys NA missing value 1886 historical historical paleological https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/exist/apps/datasets/showData.html?id=hf238