Spectral Vegetation Indices from Harmonized Landsat and Sentinel-2 Data for Harvard Forest 2015-2020

<para>The goal of this work is to exploit time series of remotely sensed data sets with ground observations to improve our understanding of how seasonal variation in canopy and environmental conditions affect the relationship between vegetation indices and leaf area index (LAI) and fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (fAPAR).</para> <para>Using three different common vegetation indices (EVI2, NDVI, NIRV), we can estimate LAI, fAPAR, and daily absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (APAR) using a semi-empirical model.</para> </section> </abstract> <keywordSet> <keyword>aboveground production</keyword> <keyword>leaf area index</keyword> <keyword>permanent plots</keyword> <keyword>photosynthetically active radiation</keyword> <keyword>remote sensing</keyword> <keyword>seasonality</keyword> <keywordThesaurus>LTER controlled vocabulary</keywordThesaurus> </keywordSet> <keywordSet> <keyword>primary production</keyword> <keywordThesaurus>LTER core area</keywordThesaurus> </keywordSet> <keywordSet> <keyword>Harvard Forest</keyword> <keyword>HFR</keyword> <keyword>LTER</keyword> <keyword>USA</keyword> <keywordThesaurus>HFR default</keywordThesaurus> </keywordSet> <intellectualRights> <section> <para>This dataset is released to the public under Creative Commons CC0 1.0 (No Rights Reserved). Please keep the dataset creators informed of any plans to use the dataset. Consultation with the original investigators is strongly encouraged. Publications and data products that make use of the dataset should include proper acknowledgement.</para> </section> </intellectualRights> <licensed> <licenseName>Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal</licenseName> <url>https://spdx.org/licenses/CC0-1.0.html</url> <identifier>CC0-1.0</identifier> </licensed> <distribution> <online> <url function="information">https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/exist/apps/datasets/showData.html?id=hf365</url> </online> </distribution> <coverage> <geographicCoverage> <geographicDescription>Prospect Hill Tract (Harvard Forest). Coordinates based on WGS84 datum.</geographicDescription> <boundingCoordinates> <westBoundingCoordinate>-72.17</westBoundingCoordinate> <eastBoundingCoordinate>-72.17</eastBoundingCoordinate> <northBoundingCoordinate>+42.54</northBoundingCoordinate> <southBoundingCoordinate>+42.54</southBoundingCoordinate> <boundingAltitudes> <altitudeMinimum>340</altitudeMinimum> <altitudeMaximum>340</altitudeMaximum> <altitudeUnits>meter</altitudeUnits> </boundingAltitudes> </boundingCoordinates> </geographicCoverage> <temporalCoverage> <rangeOfDates> <beginDate> <calendarDate>2015</calendarDate> </beginDate> <endDate> <calendarDate>2020</calendarDate> </endDate> </rangeOfDates> </temporalCoverage> <taxonomicCoverage> <taxonomicClassification> <taxonRankName>genus</taxonRankName> <taxonRankValue>Acer</taxonRankValue> <taxonomicClassification> <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName> <taxonRankValue>rubrum</taxonRankValue> <commonName>red maple</commonName> </taxonomicClassification> <taxonomicClassification> <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName> <taxonRankValue>pensylvanicum</taxonRankValue> <commonName>striped maple</commonName> </taxonomicClassification> </taxonomicClassification> <taxonomicClassification> <taxonRankName>genus</taxonRankName> <taxonRankValue>Betula</taxonRankValue> <taxonomicClassification> <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName> <taxonRankValue>alleghaniensis</taxonRankValue> <commonName>yellow birch</commonName> </taxonomicClassification> </taxonomicClassification> <taxonomicClassification> <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName> <taxonRankValue>lenta</taxonRankValue> <commonName>black birch</commonName> </taxonomicClassification> <taxonomicClassification> <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName> <taxonRankValue>papyrifera</taxonRankValue> <commonName>paper birch</commonName> </taxonomicClassification> <taxonomicClassification> <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName> <taxonRankValue>populifolia</taxonRankValue> <commonName>gray birch</commonName> </taxonomicClassification> <taxonomicClassification> <taxonRankName>genus</taxonRankName> <taxonRankValue>Fagus</taxonRankValue> <taxonomicClassification> <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName> <taxonRankValue>grandifolia</taxonRankValue> <commonName>american beech</commonName> </taxonomicClassification> </taxonomicClassification> <taxonomicClassification> <taxonRankName>genus</taxonRankName> <taxonRankValue>Fraxinus</taxonRankValue> <taxonomicClassification> <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName> <taxonRankValue>americana</taxonRankValue> <commonName>white ash</commonName> </taxonomicClassification> </taxonomicClassification> <taxonomicClassification> <taxonRankName>genus</taxonRankName> <taxonRankValue>Hamamelis</taxonRankValue> <taxonomicClassification> <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName> <taxonRankValue>virginiana</taxonRankValue> <commonName>witch hazel</commonName> </taxonomicClassification> </taxonomicClassification> <taxonomicClassification> <taxonRankName>genus</taxonRankName> <taxonRankValue>Picea</taxonRankValue> <taxonomicClassification> <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName> <taxonRankValue>glauca</taxonRankValue> <commonName>white spruce</commonName> </taxonomicClassification> </taxonomicClassification> <taxonomicClassification> <taxonRankName>genus</taxonRankName> <taxonRankValue>Pinus</taxonRankValue> <taxonomicClassification> <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName> <taxonRankValue>resinosa</taxonRankValue> <commonName>red pine</commonName> </taxonomicClassification> <taxonomicClassification> <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName> <taxonRankValue>strobus</taxonRankValue> <commonName>white pine</commonName> </taxonomicClassification> </taxonomicClassification> <taxonomicClassification> <taxonRankName>genus</taxonRankName> <taxonRankValue>Quercus</taxonRankValue> <taxonomicClassification> <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName> <taxonRankValue>alba</taxonRankValue> <commonName>white oak</commonName> </taxonomicClassification> <taxonomicClassification> <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName> <taxonRankValue>rubra</taxonRankValue> <commonName>northern red oak</commonName> </taxonomicClassification> <taxonomicClassification> <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName> <taxonRankValue>velutina</taxonRankValue> <commonName>black oak</commonName> </taxonomicClassification> </taxonomicClassification> <taxonomicClassification> <taxonRankName>genus</taxonRankName> <taxonRankValue>Tsuga</taxonRankValue> <taxonomicClassification> <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName> <taxonRankValue>canadensis</taxonRankValue> <commonName>eastern hemlock</commonName> </taxonomicClassification> </taxonomicClassification> </taxonomicCoverage> </coverage> <maintenance> <description> <para>complete</para> </description> </maintenance> <contact scope="document"> <positionName>Information Manager</positionName> <organizationName>Harvard Forest</organizationName> <address scope="document"> <deliveryPoint>324 North Main Street</deliveryPoint> <city>Petersham</city> <administrativeArea>MA</administrativeArea> <postalCode>01366</postalCode> <country>USA</country> </address> <phone phonetype="voice">(978) 724-3302</phone> <electronicMailAddress>hf-im@lists.fas.harvard.edu</electronicMailAddress> </contact> <publisher scope="document"> <organizationName>Harvard Forest</organizationName> <address scope="document"> <deliveryPoint>324 North Main Street</deliveryPoint> <city>Petersham</city> <administrativeArea>MA</administrativeArea> <postalCode>01366</postalCode> <country>USA</country> </address> <phone phonetype="voice">(978) 724-3302</phone> <phone phonetype="fax">(978) 724-3595</phone> <onlineUrl>https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu</onlineUrl> </publisher> <methods> <methodStep> <description> <section> <title/> <para>Using satellite remote sensing data from version 1.4 of the Harmonized Landsat Sentinel-2 (HLS) dataset, we calculated the spectral vegetation indices for established plots at the Harvard Forest. The HLS dataset includes all of the imagery collected by Landsat 8 and Sentinel 2A and 2B since 2015. This data uses satellite observations from tile T18TYN.</para> <para>The data provided gives pixel level data for each plot. A1-H5 are plots established near the EMS tower (see HF069, Biomass Inventories at Harvard Forest EMS Tower since 1993, for more details about exact locations and other datasets). HARV_049 and HARV_050 are plots established by NEON (see NEON Harvard Forest data, Digital hemispheric photos of plot vegetation, for more details about exact location). NAs are given if there are missing data (i.e. from clouds, snow, etc.). </para> <para>EVI2 = 2.5 * ((NIR – RED) / (NIR + 2.4 * RED + 1))</para> <para>NDVI = (NIR – RED) / (NIR + RED)</para> <para>NIRV = NDVI * NIR</para> </section> </description> </methodStep> </methods> <project> <title>Harvard Forest Long-Term Ecological Research Harvard Forest

324 North Main Street Petersham MA 01366 USA

(978) 724-3302 (978) 724-3595 https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu https://ror.org/059cpzx98 pointOfContact The Harvard Forest Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) program examines ecological dynamics in the New England region resulting from natural disturbances, environmental change, and human impacts. National Science Foundation LTER grants: DEB-8811764, DEB-9411975, DEB-0080592, DEB-0620443, DEB-1237491, DEB-1832210. hf365-01-hls-evi2.csv two-band enhanced vegetation index hf365-01-hls-evi2.csv 55907 b2198cb7b7925d4ef0b47e7da54dae2b 1 \r\n column , https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p36/hf365/hf365-01-hls-evi2.csv date date YYYY-MM-DD 1 day NA missing value A1 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value A2 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value A3 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value A4 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value A5 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value B1 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value B2 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value B3 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value B4 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value B5 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value C1 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value C2 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value C3 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value C4 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value C5 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value D1 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value D2 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value D3 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value D4 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value D5 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value E1 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value E2 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value E3 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value E4 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value E5 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value F1 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value F2 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value F3 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value F4 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value F5 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value G1 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value G2 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value G3 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value G4 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value G5 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value H1 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value H2 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value H3 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value H4 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value H5 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value HARV_049 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value HARV_050 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value 261 hf365-02-hls-ndvi.csv normalized difference vegetation index hf365-02-hls-ndvi.csv 55840 1a890b013a35c39193824a3e1c71410d 1 \r\n column , https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p36/hf365/hf365-02-hls-ndvi.csv date date YYYY-MM-DD 1 day NA missing value A1 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value A2 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value A3 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value A4 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value A5 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value B1 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value B2 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value B3 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value B4 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value B5 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value C1 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value C2 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value C3 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value C4 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value C5 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value D1 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value D2 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value D3 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value D4 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value D5 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value E1 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value E2 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value E3 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value E4 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value E5 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value F1 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value F2 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value F3 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value F4 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value F5 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value G1 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value G2 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value G3 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value G4 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value G5 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value H1 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value H2 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value H3 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value H4 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value H5 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value HARV_049 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value HARV_050 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value 262 hf365-03-hls-nirv.csv near-infrared reflectance of vegetation hf365-03-hls-nirv.csv 56179 af5011ad45e1164bd9dac4de272b7d8f 1 \r\n column , https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p36/hf365/hf365-03-hls-nirv.csv date date YYYY-MM-DD 1 day NA missing value A1 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value A2 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value A3 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value A4 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value A5 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value B1 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value B2 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value B3 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value B4 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value B5 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value C1 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value C2 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value C3 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value C4 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value C5 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value D1 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value D2 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value D3 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value D4 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value D5 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value E1 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value E2 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value E3 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value E4 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value E5 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value F1 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value F2 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value F3 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value F4 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value F5 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value G1 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value G2 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value G3 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value G4 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value G5 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value H1 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value H2 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value H3 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value H4 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value H5 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value HARV_049 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value HARV_050 vegetation index for this plot dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value 262 plot short-term measurement https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/exist/apps/datasets/showData.html?id=hf069 https://data.neonscience.org/data-products/DP1.10017.001