uid=HFR,o=lter,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=org all public read doi:10.6073/pasta/7052fc191d010bd025571c0cc6dc0603 Tree Ring Data from North Round Pond in Pisgah State Forest NH 1754-2015 Neil Pederson https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3830-263X Daniel Bishop https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0394-5996 Researcher Javier Martin Fernandez Researcher Tessa Mandra Researcher 2023 English
<para>Is it possible to reconstruct aboveground carbon/biomass from tree rings? If so, how far back in time can researchers go when using tree-ring data in the reconstruction of past biomass? Answers to these questions will have a significant impact on our understanding of dynamics in the terrestrial carbon sink. Long tree-ring records of biomass can reveal intra-annual to annual to multidecadal variations that cannot be resolved by forest census data that is not conducted at annual time steps. Additionally, while these dynamics might be resolved using remote sensing, most remotely-sensed products are only two decades or less in length. By having long records of carbon biomass, we can then identify not only the dominant drivers of biomass, but how the importance of these drivers might change during different eras as environmental factors change (e.g., climate, air pollution, disturbance). </para> <para>To test these and other questions, we collected tree-ring records from four 30m radius plots set in the vicinity of North Round Pond in Pisgah State Forest, New Hampshire. Two plots are set in broadleaf-dominated forests while two are set in oak-mixed conifer dominated forests. We can convert these data to biomass using allometric equations and compare tree-ring inferred aboveground biomass to the census data going back in time. While a strong hurricane in September 1938 knocked down 80% of a stand ca 3.5 km SSE of these stands and the stands in the vicinity of the North Round Pond are set on N- and NW-facing slopes, and thus potentially shielded by the strong tropical winds, they, too, were disturbed by the hurricane of 1938. However, there are some very old trees and patches of trees in this landscape, while, at the same time, we suspect some logging impacted parts of some of these plots in the 1960s, like in North Round Pond Plot 1. The forest stands have since regrown and the plots we installed can be used to understand forest recovery and carbon dynamics in a heavily disturbance forest. Recruitment dates for some of the trees from these plots have been published in Pederson et al. (2017).</para> <para>Pederson, N., Young, A. B., Stan, A. B., Ariya, U., Martin-Benito, D. 2017. Low-Hanging DendroDynamic Fruits Regarding Disturbance in Temperate, Mesic Forests. In: Amoroso, M. M., Daniels, L. D., Baker, P. J., Camarero, J. J., Dendroecology: Tree-Ring Analyses Applied to Ecological Studies, Springer, Cham., Switzerland.</para> </section> </abstract> <keywordSet> <keyword>climate change</keyword> <keyword>community composition</keyword> <keyword>defoliation</keyword> <keyword>dendrochronology</keyword> <keyword>disturbance</keyword> <keyword>net primary production</keyword> <keyword>permanent plots</keyword> <keyword>tree rings</keyword> <keywordThesaurus>LTER controlled vocabulary</keywordThesaurus> </keywordSet> <keywordSet> <keyword>primary production</keyword> <keyword>populations</keyword> <keyword>disturbance</keyword> <keywordThesaurus>LTER core area</keywordThesaurus> </keywordSet> <keywordSet> <keyword>Harvard Forest</keyword> <keyword>HFR</keyword> <keyword>LTER</keyword> <keyword>USA</keyword> <keywordThesaurus>HFR default</keywordThesaurus> </keywordSet> <intellectualRights> <section> <para>This dataset is released to the public under Creative Commons CC0 1.0 (No Rights Reserved). Please keep the dataset creators informed of any plans to use the dataset. Consultation with the original investigators is strongly encouraged. Publications and data products that make use of the dataset should include proper acknowledgement.</para> </section> </intellectualRights> <licensed> <licenseName>Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal</licenseName> <url>https://spdx.org/licenses/CC0-1.0.html</url> <identifier>CC0-1.0</identifier> </licensed> <distribution> <online> <url function="information"> https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/exist/apps/datasets/showData.html?id=hf409 </url> </online> </distribution> <coverage> <geographicCoverage> <geographicDescription>Pisgah State Forest (NH). Coordinates based on WGS84 datum.</geographicDescription> <boundingCoordinates> <westBoundingCoordinate>-72.45</westBoundingCoordinate> <eastBoundingCoordinate>-72.45</eastBoundingCoordinate> <northBoundingCoordinate>42.84</northBoundingCoordinate> <southBoundingCoordinate>42.84</southBoundingCoordinate> <boundingAltitudes> <altitudeMinimum>312</altitudeMinimum> <altitudeMaximum>312</altitudeMaximum> <altitudeUnits>meter</altitudeUnits> </boundingAltitudes> </boundingCoordinates> </geographicCoverage> <temporalCoverage> <rangeOfDates> <beginDate> <calendarDate>1754</calendarDate> </beginDate> <endDate> <calendarDate>2015</calendarDate> </endDate> </rangeOfDates> </temporalCoverage> <taxonomicCoverage> <taxonomicClassification> <taxonRankName>genus</taxonRankName> <taxonRankValue>Acer</taxonRankValue> <taxonomicClassification> <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName> <taxonRankValue>rubrum</taxonRankValue> <commonName>red maple</commonName> </taxonomicClassification> </taxonomicClassification> <taxonomicClassification> <taxonRankName>genus</taxonRankName> <taxonRankValue>Acer</taxonRankValue> <taxonomicClassification> <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName> <taxonRankValue>saccharum</taxonRankValue> <commonName>sugar maple</commonName> </taxonomicClassification> </taxonomicClassification> <taxonomicClassification> <taxonRankName>genus</taxonRankName> <taxonRankValue>Betula</taxonRankValue> <taxonomicClassification> <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName> <taxonRankValue>alleghaniensis</taxonRankValue> <commonName>yellow birch</commonName> </taxonomicClassification> </taxonomicClassification> <taxonomicClassification> <taxonRankName>genus</taxonRankName> <taxonRankValue>Betula</taxonRankValue> <taxonomicClassification> <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName> <taxonRankValue>lenta</taxonRankValue> <commonName>black birch</commonName> </taxonomicClassification> <taxonomicClassification> <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName> <taxonRankValue>papyrifera</taxonRankValue> <commonName>paper birch</commonName> </taxonomicClassification> </taxonomicClassification> <taxonomicClassification> <taxonRankName>genus</taxonRankName> <taxonRankValue>Fagus</taxonRankValue> <taxonomicClassification> <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName> <taxonRankValue>grandifolia</taxonRankValue> <commonName>american beech</commonName> </taxonomicClassification> </taxonomicClassification> <taxonomicClassification> <taxonRankName>genus</taxonRankName> <taxonRankValue>Fraxinus</taxonRankValue> <taxonomicClassification> <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName> <taxonRankValue>americana</taxonRankValue> <commonName>white ash</commonName> </taxonomicClassification> </taxonomicClassification> <taxonomicClassification> <taxonRankName>genus</taxonRankName> <taxonRankValue>Pinus</taxonRankValue> <taxonomicClassification> <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName> <taxonRankValue>strobus</taxonRankValue> <commonName>eastern white pine</commonName> </taxonomicClassification> </taxonomicClassification> <taxonomicClassification> <taxonRankName>genus</taxonRankName> <taxonRankValue>Prunus</taxonRankValue> <taxonomicClassification> <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName> <taxonRankValue>serotina</taxonRankValue> <commonName>black cherry</commonName> </taxonomicClassification> <taxonomicClassification> <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName> <taxonRankValue>rubra</taxonRankValue> <commonName>northern red oak</commonName> </taxonomicClassification> </taxonomicClassification> <taxonomicClassification> <taxonRankName>genus</taxonRankName> <taxonRankValue>Tsuga</taxonRankValue> <taxonomicClassification> <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName> <taxonRankValue>canadensis</taxonRankValue> <commonName>eastern hemlock</commonName> </taxonomicClassification> </taxonomicClassification> </taxonomicCoverage> </coverage> <maintenance> <description> <para>complete</para> </description> </maintenance> <contact> <positionName>Information Manager</positionName> <organizationName>Harvard Forest</organizationName> <address> <deliveryPoint>324 North Main Street</deliveryPoint> <city>Petersham</city> <administrativeArea>MA</administrativeArea> <postalCode>01366</postalCode> <country>USA</country> </address> <phone phonetype="voice">(978) 724-3302</phone> <electronicMailAddress>hf-im@lists.fas.harvard.edu</electronicMailAddress> </contact> <publisher> <organizationName>Harvard Forest</organizationName> <address> <deliveryPoint>324 North Main Street</deliveryPoint> <city>Petersham</city> <administrativeArea>MA</administrativeArea> <postalCode>01366</postalCode> <country>USA</country> </address> <phone phonetype="voice">(978) 724-3302</phone> <phone phonetype="fax">(978) 724-3595</phone> <onlineUrl>https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu</onlineUrl> </publisher> <methods> <methodStep> <description> <section> <title>Vegetation and tree-ring data Vegetation and tree-ring data associated with this dataset were collected by the “PalEON Protocol”. Three plots were established in the EMS Plot where all trees greater than 10 cm diameter at breast height (DBH) in a 13 m radius were mapped (using distance and azimuth from plot center), measured for DBH, placed into canopy strata (dominant, co-dominant, intermediate, and suppressed, life status (live or dead), structural position if dead (snag, log, or stump hole), and cored. Two to three cores were removed from all trees sampled, live or dead, when possible; some were too rotten to core. Decay classes were determined for all deadwood (1 = recent to 5 = nearly soil) following Bunnell and Houde (Bunnell, F.L. and Houde, I., 2010, Down wood and biodiversity--implications to forest practices, Environmental Reviews, 18, pp.397-421) and surveys were made of saplings (all stems 2.5-4.99 cm DBH from plot center out to 5 m) and poles (all stems 5-9.99 in DBH from plot center out to 9 m). This protocol was repeated for 13-20 m from plot center, but only for trees greater than 20 cm DBH, to increase representation and possibly sample a higher proportion of old trees. Tree-ring measurements were taken from all usable cores and portions of usable cores for each plot. Some cores had too much rot or other issues to be useful. The occurrence of a missing or locally absent ring, where a tree did not fully form a ring on the side of the tree that was cored, is designated with a zero.
Tree-ring file formats Data are provided in both traditional Tucson and csv formats. Tucson files are organized by species where the species code is the first two letters of the genus plus the first two letters of the species. Tuscon files contain total raw ring width (.rwl), earlywood ring width (.ewr), or latewood ring width (.lwr). Tucson data can be read as a space-delimited file in most coding languages. In R, package dplR has built-in function read.rwl that converts .rwl files to a data frame (rows become years; columns become ring-width series). For more information on the Tucson data format, please see: Brewer, P.W., Murphy, D. and Jansma, E., 2011. TRiCYCLE: a universal conversion tool for digital tree-ring data. Tree-Ring Research, 67(2), pp.135-144.
Crossdating Acer saccharum Final crossdating for the Acer saccharum was extremely dated, but these data are dated to the best of our abilities. We collected extra samples from outside the plots to hone in on the dating issues of the 1960s where we found an extraordinary high number of missing or locally absent rings. While these data might not look dated compared to most tree-ring collections for climatic reconstructions, they are dated. It could very well be that oldest rings in this collection might not be dated. We feel this could be so given that sample replication is low and Acer saccharum is a difficult to crossdate. The file ‘hf409-04-nrp-crossdating.csv’ explains our decision making for each core. General Crossdating Note: North Round Pond Plot 2 (NRP2) contained severely suppressed growth in any samples, most notably in diffuse porous species. This often leads to particularly low correlations in Cofecha output.
Notes about the field notes Initial written deadwood entries from NRP Plots 1 and 2 in September 2013 (pages 2, 3, and 7) were not used and resampled in July 2014 following updated protocol (pages 8-9).
Notes about the data NRP1 Tree 23, 32, and 47 (FAGR), NRP2 Trees 4 and 17 (ACSA), and NRP2 Tree 24 (BEAL) are missing from the ring-width files. The causes of the missing data are accounted for in the “comments” column of the field notes file (hf409-02-nrp-core.csv). Please note partial rings exist in many series. Details of the range of years measured for each series are included in the core notes.
Harvard Forest Long-Term Ecological Research Harvard Forest
324 North Main Street Petersham MA 01366 USA
(978) 724-3302 (978) 724-3595 https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu https://ror.org/059cpzx98 pointOfContact The Harvard Forest Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) program examines ecological dynamics in the New England region resulting from natural disturbances, environmental change, and human impacts. National Science Foundation LTER grants: DEB-8811764, DEB-9411975, DEB-0080592, DEB-0620443, DEB-1237491, DEB-1832210. hf409-01-nrp-tree.csv trees hf409-01-nrp-tree.csv 24611 d806e694090c6ea2f876275ae062e9f7 1 \r\n column , https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p40/hf409/hf409-01-nrp-tree.csv site site and plot identifier NRP1 North Round Pond Plot 1 (Plot center at 42.84514 N, -72.44730 W) NRP2 North Round Pond Plot 2 (Plot center at 42.84771 N, -72.44750 W) NRP3 North Round Pond Plot 3 (Plot center at 42.84417 N, -72.44976 W) NRP4 North Round Pond Plot 4 (Plot center at 42.84085 N, -72.45222 W) NA missing value tree tree number tree number NA missing value species species ACRU Acer rubrum ACSA Acer saccharum BEAL Betula alleghaniensis BELE Betula lenta BEPA Betula papyrifera FAGR Fagus grandifolia FRAM Fraxinus americana PIST Pinus strobus PRSE Prunus serotina QURU Quercus rubra TSCA Tsuga canadensis NA missing value date date of sampling YYYY-MM-DD 1 day NA missing value canopy canopy position codominant codominant dominant dominant intermediate intermediate suppressed suppressed NA missing value status alive, dead or non-standing tree position dead status is unknown Li live Lo log Sh stump hole Sn snag St stump NA missing value dbh diameter at breast height centimeter 0.1 real NA missing value distance distance from plot center meter 0.1 real NA missing value azimuth degrees from due north degree 1 whole NA missing value Orientation orientation in degrees of fall of log degree 1 whole NA missing value Length length of log meter 0.1 real NA missing value decay decay class 1 solid wood, recently fallen, bark and twigs present 2 solid wood, significant weathering, branches present 3 wood not solid, bark may be sloughing but nail still must be pounded into wood 4 wood sloughing and/or friable, nail may be forcibly pushed into wood 5 wood friable, barely holding shape, nail may be easily pushed into wood NA missing value 413 hf409-02-nrp-core.csv core data hf409-02-nrp-core.csv 43013 70b329c5ac23ad79f251c080be548e4b 1 \r\n column , https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p40/hf409/hf409-02-nrp-core.csv site site and plot identfier NRP1 North Round Pond Plot 1 (Plot center at 42.84514 N, -72.44730 W) NRP2 North Round Pond Plot 2 (Plot center at 42.84771 N, -72.44750 W) NRP3 North Round Pond Plot 3 (Plot center at 42.84417 N, -72.44976 W) NRP4 North Round Pond Plot 4 (Plot center at 42.84085 N, -72.45222 W) NA missing value tree tree number tree number NA missing value core core cardinal direction E east N north S south W west NA missing value species species ID of individual series ACRU Acer rubrum ACSA Acer saccharum BEAL Betula alleghaniensis BELE Betula lenta BEPA Betula papyrifera FAGR Fagus grandifolia FRAM Fraxinus americana PIST Pinus strobus PRSE Prunus serotina QURU Quercus rubra TSCA Tsuga canadensis inner_year observed innermost year (not always measured) YYYY 1 year NA missing value outer_year observed outermost year (not always measured) YYYY 1 year NA missing value meas_inner year of innermost measured ring YYYY 1 year NA missing value meas_outer year of innermost measured ring YYYY 1 year NA missing value rings total number of rings measured number 1 natural NA missing value pith estimated number of rings from pith or at pith number 1 natural NA missing value gap location, in dates, when there is an observed gap(s) in mounted cores location, in dates, when there is an observed gap(s) in mounted cores NA missing value missing list of years with missing rings in series list of years with missing rings in series NA missing value false list of years with false rings in series list of years with missing rings in series NA missing value incomplete list of years with incomplete/partial rings in series list of years with incomplete/partial rings in series NA missing value reaction list of years with “reaction wood” in series list of years with “reaction wood” in series NA missing value canopy estimated condition of tree during early growth years G gap N non-gap U unknown NA missing value comments core-specific comments core-specific comments NA missing value 596 hf409-03-nrp-tree-ring.csv tree ring measurements hf409-03-nrp-tree-ring.csv 4395526 ac564134383360500fa167768a44dd77 1 \r\n column , https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p40/hf409/hf409-03-nrp-tree-ring.csv site site NRP North Round Pond Plot NA missing value species species ACRU Acer rubrum ACSA Acer saccharum BEAL Betula alleghaniensis BELE Betula lenta BEPA Betula papyrifera FAGR Fagus grandifolia FRAM Fraxinus americana PIST Pinus strobus PRSE Prunus serotina QURU Quercus rubra TSCA Tsuga canadensis NA missing value core core number core number NA missing value type ring measurement type ewr earlywood ring width lwr latewood ring width rwl raw ring width year year of ring width YYYY 1 year NA missing value rw measured ring width millimeter 0.001 real NA missing value 131460 hf409-04-nrp-crossdating.csv crossdating hf409-04-nrp-crossdating.csv 6286 d0f52f1bf863d449573e4212a89877fc 1 \r\n column , https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p40/hf409/hf409-04-nrp-crossdating.csv site site and plot identifier NRP1 North Round Pond Plot 1 (Plot center at 42.84514 N, -72.44730 W) NRP2 North Round Pond Plot 2 (Plot center at 42.84771 N, -72.44750 W) NRP3 North Round Pond Plot 3 (Plot center at 42.84417 N, -72.44976 W) NRP4 North Round Pond Plot 4 (Plot center at 42.84085 N, -72.45222 W) NA missing value tree tree number tree number NA missing value species species ACRU Acer rubrum ACSA Acer saccharum BEAL Betula alleghaniensis BELE Betula lenta BEPA Betula papyrifera FAGR Fagus grandifolia FRAM Fraxinus americana PIST Pinus strobus PRSE Prunus serotina QURU Quercus rubra TSCA Tsuga canadensis NA missing value canopy canopy position Canopy canopy Dead dead Understory understory NA missing value internal mean intercorrelation for internal crossdating dimensionless 0.001 real NA missing value max.missing maximum number of missing rings number 1 whole NA missing value 1650_1699 mean segmented intercorrelation for internal crossdating for years 1650-1699 dimensionless 0.01 real NA missing value 1675_1724 mean segmented intercorrelation for internal crossdating for years 1675-1724 dimensionless 0.01 real NA missing value 1700_1749 mean segmented intercorrelation for internal crossdating for years 1700-1749 dimensionless 0.01 real NA missing value 1725_1774 mean segmented intercorrelation for internal crossdating for years 1725-1774 dimensionless 0.01 real NA missing value 1750_1799 mean segmented intercorrelation for internal crossdating for years 1750-1799 dimensionless 0.01 real NA missing value 1775_1824 mean segmented intercorrelation for internal crossdating for years 1775-1824 dimensionless 0.01 real NA missing value 1800_1849 mean segmented intercorrelation for internal crossdating for years 1800-1849 dimensionless 0.01 real NA missing value 1825_1874 mean segmented intercorrelation for internal crossdating for years 1825-1874 dimensionless 0.01 real NA missing value 1850_1899 mean segmented intercorrelation for internal crossdating for years 1850-1899 dimensionless 0.01 real NA missing value 1875_1924 mean segmented intercorrelation for internal crossdating for years 1875-1924 dimensionless 0.01 real NA missing value 1900_1949 mean segmented intercorrelation for internal crossdating for years 1900-1949 dimensionless 0.01 real NA missing value 1925_1974 mean segmented intercorrelation for internal crossdating for years 1925-1974 dimensionless 0.01 real NA missing value 1950_1999 mean segmented intercorrelation for internal crossdating for years 1950-1999 dimensionless 0.01 real NA missing value 1975_2024 mean segmented intercorrelation for internal crossdating for years 1975-2024 dimensionless 0.01 real NA missing value crossdates series crossdating with Master Chronology Mostly mostly N no Somewhat somewhat Y yes NA missing value complacent appearance of complacent rings in tree Maybe maybe N no Outside 1930 outside 1930 Y yes NA missing value supression appearance of suppressed rings in tree 1900-1920 1900-1920 Inside 1850 inside 1850 Inside 1900 inside 1900 Inside 1920 inside 1920 Inside 1950 inside 1950 N no Y yes NA missing value notes additional notes on crossdating additional notes on crossdating NA missing value 38 hf409-05-nrp-field-notes.pdf field notes hf409-05-nrp-field-notes.pdf 8494689 39beeb142a9d290b7bee6b09f35d443f none pdf https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p40/hf409/hf409-05-nrp-field-notes.pdf document hf409-06-paleon-protocol.pdf PalEON sampling protocol hf409-06-paleon-protocol.pdf 119799 f3b84b86405124b818d9f573762e6eac none pdf https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p40/hf409/hf409-06-paleon-protocol.pdf document hf409-07-nrp-rwl.zip Tuscon files hf409-07-nrp-rwl.zip 315968 155c3762b71a785e811eb739e317bb38 zip Tuscon ring data https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p40/hf409/hf409-07-nrp-rwl.zip document hf409-08-tuscon2long-paleon.txt R script to convert Tucson files hf409-08-tuscon2long-paleon.txt 2271 cc527423550db7a73df19a70d50fd71a none R script https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/data/p40/hf409/hf409-08-tuscon2long-paleon.txt script atmosphere historical plot long-term measurement historical paleological https://sites.nd.edu/paleonproject/