Harvard Forest Data Archive

HF324

Carbon Budget at the Harvard Forest 1992-2015

Related Publications

Data

• hf324-01: live trees biomass (preview)
• hf324-02: litterfall (preview)
• hf324-03: coarse woody debris (preview)
• hf324-04: fine woody debris (preview)
• hf324-05: standing dead wood (preview)
• hf324-06: soil carbon (preview)
• hf324-07: fine root biomass (preview)
• hf324-08: root exudates (preview)
• hf324-09: tree workflow, R scripts and files
• hf324-10: litterfall and dead wood processing files and R scripts
• hf324-11: MATLAB code and input files

Overview

• Lead: Adrien Finzi, Marc-Andre Giasson, Audrey Barker Plotkin
• Investigators: John Aber, Emery Boose, Eric Davidson, Michael Dietze, Aaron Ellison, David Foster, Serita Frey, Evan Goldman, Trevor Keenan, Jerry Melillo, William Munger, Knute Nadelhoffer, David Orwig, Scott Ollinger, Neil Pederson, Andrew Richardson, Kathleen Savage, Jim Tang, Jonathan Thompson, Christopher Williams, Steven Wofsy, Zaixing Zhou
• Contact: Information Manager
• Start date: 1992
• End date: 2015
• Status: complete
• Location: Harvard Forest
• Latitude: +42.45 to +42.56 degrees
• Longitude: -72.24 to -72.16 degrees
• Elevation: 220 to 410 meter
• Datum: WGS84
• Taxa:
• Release date: 2023
• Language: English
• EML file: knb-lter-hfr.324.5
• DOI: digital object identifier
• EDI: data package
• DataONE: data package
• Related links:
• Climate and Carbon Exchange
• Shaler Meteorological Station at Harvard Forest 1964-2002
• Fisher Meteorological Station at Harvard Forest since 2001
• Vegetation Response in Simulated Hurricane Experiment at Harvard Forest since 1990
• Canopy-Atmosphere Exchange of Carbon, Water and Energy at Harvard Forest EMS Tower since 1991
• Prospect Hill Soil Warming Experiment at Harvard Forest since 1991
• Soil Respiration, Temperature and Moisture at Harvard Forest EMS Tower since 1995
• DIRT Litter Manipulation Experiment at Harvard Forest since 1990
• Chronic Nitrogen Amendment Experiment at Harvard Forest since 1988
• Land Use and Forest Dynamics at Harvard Forest 1937-2013
• Barre Woods Soil Warming Experiment at Harvard Forest since 2001
• Hemlock Mapped Tree Plot at Harvard Forest since 1990
• Lyford Mapped Tree Plot at Harvard Forest since 1969
• Overstory Mapped Tree Plots at Harvard Forest since 1990
• Vegetation Inventory of Harvard Forest 1937
• Soil Warming Plus Nitrogen Addition Experiment at Harvard Forest since 2006
• Hemlock History Plots at Harvard Forest since 1995
• Community and Ecosystem Impacts in Hemlock Removal Experiment at Harvard Forest since 2003
• Soil Respiration Along a Hydrological Gradient at Harvard Forest EMS Tower 2003-2006
• Biomass Inventories at Harvard Forest EMS Tower since 1993
• Litterfall in Simulated Hurricane Experiment at Harvard Forest since 1989
• Net Carbon Exchange of an Old-Growth Hemlock Forest at Harvard Forest HEM Tower since 2000
• Coarse Woody Debris in Hemlock Removal Experiment at Harvard Forest since 2005
• Overstory Vegetation in Hemlock Removal Experiment at Harvard Forest since 2003
• Soil Respiration in Hemlock Removal Experiment at Harvard Forest since 2003
• Soil Properties in CRUI Land Use Project at Harvard Forest 1995-1998
• Soil Respiration at Harvard Forest HEM and LPH Towers 1996-2007
• Tree Growth and Above-Ground Biomass at Harvard Forest HEM and LPH Towers since 2001
• Leaf Area Index at Harvard Forest HEM and LPH Towers since 1998
• Litterfall at Harvard Forest HEM and LPH Towers since 2002
• Ants and Ecosystem Function in Hemlock Removal Experiment at Harvard Forest since 2006
• Litterfall in Hemlock Removal Experiment at Harvard Forest since 2005
• Plantation Biodiversity Plots at Harvard Forest since 2007
• 20-Year Root Mass in Chronic Nitrogen Amendment Experiment at Harvard Forest 2008
• Tree Growth and Coarse Woody Debris in Regenerating Forests at Harvard Forest since 2008
• Proteolytic Enzyme Activity in Temperate Forest Soils at Harvard Forest and Pisgah State Forest 2007-2010
• Fuel Loading in Simulated Hurricane Experiment at Harvard Forest since 1993
• Soil Gas Exchange in the Clearcut Site at Harvard Forest since 2011
• Soil Characteristics in the Clearcut Site at Harvard Forest 2012
• Eddy Covariance and Meteorological Data in the Clearcut Site at Harvard Forest since 2009
• Water Chemistry and Well Levels at Upper Bigelow Brook, Harvard Forest 2009-2010
• Temperature Sensitivity of Microbial Activity in Three Forest Soils at Harvard Forest 2010-2011
• Long-Term Impacts of the Hemlock Woolly Adelgid on Forest Carbon at Harvard Forest 2008-2011
• Prospect Hill Forest Plots at Harvard Forest 2013
• Phenology and Carbon Allocation of Roots at Harvard Forest 2011-2013
• Soil Carbon in a Hemlock Stand Infected by Hemlock Woolly Adelgid at Harvard Forest since 2015
• Study type: long-term measurement
• Research topic: forest-atmosphere exchange; invasive plants, pests and pathogens; large experiments and permanent plot studies; soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics
• LTER core area: primary production, organic matter movement, disturbance patterns
• Keywords: biomass, carbon, climate change, land use, litterfall, net primary production, soil respiration
• Abstract:

  How, where, and why carbon (C) moves into and out of an ecosystem through time are long-standing questions in biogeochemistry. Here, we bring together hundreds of thousands of C-cycle observations at the Harvard Forest in central Massachusetts, USA, a mid-latitude landscape dominated by 80–120-year-old closed-canopy forests. These data answered four questions:

  (i) where and how much C is presently stored in dominant forest types; (ii) what are current rates of C accrual or loss; (iii) what biotic and abiotic factors contribute to variability in these rates; and (iv) is climate change affecting the forest’s C cycle?

  Harvard Forest is an active C sink resulting from forest regrowth following land abandonment. Soil and tree biomass comprise nearly equal portions of existing C stocks. Net primary production (NPP) averaged 750–970 g C m-2 yr-1; belowground NPP contributed 30–60% of the total. Mineral soil C measured in the same inventory plots in 1992 and 2013 were too heterogeneous to detect change in soil-C pools; however, radiocarbon data suggest a small but persistent sink of 10–30 g C m-2 yr-1. Net ecosystem production (NEP) in hardwood stands averaged ~300 g C m-2 yr-1. NEP in hemlock-dominated forests averaged ~450 g C m-2 yr-1 prior to infestation by the hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA) in 2013, and then became a net C source. Stand dynamics and climate change in the last three decades enhanced the C sink in hardwood stands; NPP increased 26% between 2000–2014 (p = 0.02) and NEP increased 93% between 1992–2015 (p = 0.13). Compared to long-term global change experiments at the Harvard Forest, the C sink in regrowing biomass equaled or exceeded C cycle modifications imposed by soil warming, N saturation, and hemlock removal. Median forest biomass in the surrounding ecoregion was only 78% of that at the Harvard Forest due to higher timber harvesting rates across the region. Results of this synthesis and comparison to simulation models suggest that forests across the region are likely to accrue C for decades to come but may be disrupted if the frequency or severity of disturbance increases.

• Methods:

  We compiled data from 84 data tables from the Harvard Forest Data Archive, in addition to a few unpublished data sets (included here). From these, we compiled the following synthetic data sets. The R and MATLAB code is archived here, so that these compilations may be re-created or updated as data are added over time.

  1. Live trees and their biomass by tree (129,348 observations; each row is a tree by year observation)

  2. Litterfall (1301 observations; each row is a plot by year observation)

  3. Coarse woody debris (9312 observations; each row is a piece by year observation)

  4. Fine woody debris (1635 observations; each row is a plot by year observation)

  5. Standing dead wood (5539 observations; each row is a piece by year observation)

  6. Soil carbon (2927 observations; each row is a core by time observation)

  7. Fine root biomass (3145 observations; each row is a sample by time observation)

  We also compiled eddy-flux and meteorological data from the EMS tower (HF004), HEM tower (HF103), and CC tower (hf233).

• Organization: Harvard Forest. 324 North Main Street, Petersham, MA 01366, USA. Phone (978) 724-3302. Fax (978) 724-3595.

• Project: The Harvard Forest Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) program examines ecological dynamics in the New England region resulting from natural disturbances, environmental change, and human impacts. (ROR).

• Funding: National Science Foundation LTER grants: DEB-8811764, DEB-9411975, DEB-0080592, DEB-0620443, DEB-1237491, DEB-1832210.

• Use: This dataset is released to the public under Creative Commons CC0 1.0 (No Rights Reserved). Please keep the dataset creators informed of any plans to use the dataset. Consultation with the original investigators is strongly encouraged. Publications and data products that make use of the dataset should include proper acknowledgement.

• License: Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal (CC0-1.0)

• Citation: Finzi A, Giasson M, Barker Plotkin A. 2023. Carbon Budget at the Harvard Forest 1992-2015. Harvard Forest Data Archive: HF324 (v.5). Environmental Data Initiative: https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/25a22f641d1e390a2baac4b0ea63515d.

Detailed Metadata

hf324-01: live trees biomass

1. year: year of measurement
2. year1: date used to scale up to plot-level measurements. For projects hf032, the years 1987, 1991 & 1992 are lumped as 1991; for project hf126, the years 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 are lumped as 2004
3. doy: day of year (unit: nominalDay / missing value: NA)
4. archive: Harvard Forest Data Archive number
5. contact: contact person for dataset
6. project: project name
7. type: forest type
   • hardwood: hardwood
   • conifer: conifer
8. size: plot area (m2). To scale up, use this area (m2) with trees grouped by project, plot and year1 (unit: squareMeter / missing value: NA)
9. lat: latitude (unit: degree / missing value: NA)
10. long: longitude (unit: degree / missing value: NA)
11. obs.exp: whether observational or experimental measurement
    • obs: observational
    • exp: experimental
12. treatment: if experimental, treatment type
    • pulldown: pulldown
13. treat.year: if experimental, treatment year
14. tract: Harvard Forest tract name
    • PH: Prospect Hill
    • PISGAH: Pisgah
    • SC: Slab City
    • SIMES: Simes
    • TS: Tom Swamp
15. site: specific site of plot
16. plot: plot identifier. Its size matches the 'size' column
17. subplot: subsection of plot
18. subsize: size in m2 of subplots (unit: squareMeter / missing value: NA)
19. tree: tree identifier
20. species: tree species
    • ABBA: Abies balsamea
    • ACPE: Acer pensylvanicum
    • ACRU: Acer rubrum
    • ACSA: Acer saccharum
    • ACSC: Acer spicatum
    • ACSP: Acer spp.
    • ALIN: Alnus incata
    • BEAL: Betula alleghaniensis
    • BELE: Betula lenta
    • BEPA: Betula papyrifera
    • BEPO: Betula populifolia
    • BESP: Betula spp.
    • CACA: Carpinus caroliniana
    • CADE: Castanea dentata
    • CAGL: Carya glabra
    • CAOV: Carya ovata
    • CASP: Carya species
    • FAGR: Fagus grandifolia
    • FRAM: Fraxinus americana
    • FRNI: Fraxinus nigra
    • HAVI: Hammamelis virginiana
    • JUVI: Juniperus virginiana
    • LASP: Larix spp.
    • NYSY: Nyssa sylvatica
    • OSVI: Ostrya virginiana
    • PIAB: Picea abies
    • PIGL: Picea glauca
    • PIRE: Pinus resinosa
    • PIRI: Pinus rigida
    • PIRU: Picea rubens
    • PISP: Picea spp.
    • PIST: Pinus strobus
    • PISY: Pinus sylvestris
    • POGR: Populus grandidentata
    • POSP: Populus spp.
    • PRPE: Prunus pensylvanica
    • PRSE: Prunus serotina
    • PRVI: Prunus virginiana
    • QUAL: Quercus alba
    • QUBI: Quercus bicolor
    • QUCO: Quercus coccinea
    • QURU: Quercus rubra
    • QUVE: Quercus velutina
    • ROPS: Robinia pseudo-acacia
    • SOAM: Sorbus americana
    • TIAM: Tilia americana
    • TSCA: Tsuga canadensis
    • ULAM: Ulmus americana
    • ULSP: Ulmus spp.
    • UNK: unknown
21. dbh: diameter at breast height (unit: centimeter / missing value: NA)
22. method: method of measurement
    • dbh: diameter at breast height
    • dendro: dendrometer
23. min.dbh: minimum diameter tree measured in a study (unit: centimeter / missing value: NA)
24. interval: number of years between the current measurement and the prior measurement, where applicable (unit: number / missing value: NA)
25. dbhprior: diameter at breast height (cm), at the prior measurement, or for recruits, the minimum dbh in the study (unit: centimeter / missing value: NA)
26. cond: condition
    • L: Live. For individually tagged tree with demographic information, tree was live and censused in the prior measurement
    • M: Mortality. A tree that was live in the prior census but died between the prior and current census
    • miss: Missed. For projects with individually tracked trees, a tree that was missed in the current census.
    • R: Recruit. For individually tagged trees, a tree that grew into the minimum size class since the prior census.
27. demography: demography
    • yes: project in which trees are individually tracked
    • no: project in which trees are not individually tracked
28. biomass.af20: biomass of the tree, calculated using species-specific allometry equations (unit: kilogram / missing value: NA)
29. biomassprior.af20: biomass of the tree at its prior measurement, if any, calculated using species specific allometry equations (unit: kilogram / missing value: NA)
30. rootratio: estimated ratio of coarse root biomass to aboveground biomass at tree's prior measurement (if any) based on species group and tree diamter, based on Jenkins et al. 2004 (unit: dimensionless / missing value: NA)
31. rootratioprior: estimated ratio of coarse root biomass to aboveground biomass based on species group and tree diameter, based on Jenkins et al. 2005 (unit: dimensionless / missing value: NA)
32. coarseroot.kg: biomass.af20*rootratio, estimated coarse root biomass (unit: kilogram / missing value: NA)
33. coarseroot.kgprior: biomassprior.af20*rootratioprior, estimated coarse root biomass at tree's prior measurement, if any (unit: kilogram / missing value: NA)

hf324-02: litterfall

1. year: litter year (usually sept to aug of following year, year given is from beginning of interval)
2. archive: Harvard Forest Data Archive number
3. contact: contact person for dataset
4. project: project name
5. type: forest type
   • conifer: conifer
   • hardwood: hardwood
6. size: plot area (unit: squareMeter / missing value: NA)
7. lat: latitude (unit: degree / missing value: NA)
8. long: longitude (unit: degree / missing value: NA)
9. obs.exp: whether observational or experimental measurement
   • obs: observational
   • exp: experimental
10. treatment: if experimental, treatment type
11. treat.year: if experimental, treatment year
12. tract: Harvard Forest tract name
13. site: specific site of plot
14. plot: plot identifier
15. nbasket: number of litter baskets per plot (unit: number / missing value: NA)
16. bask.area: area of opening of litter basket (unit: squareMeter / missing value: NA)
17. foliar.gcm2: foliar (leaf only) litter mass. In some cases, this might include flowers and fruits but not cones (g carbon per m2) (unit: gramsPerSquareMeter / missing value: NA)
18. nonfoliar.gcm2: twigs, wood, and where separable also fruits, flowers, acorns, cones (g carbon per m2) (unit: gramsPerSquareMeter / missing value: NA)
19. total.gcm2: total litterfall mass (g carbon per m2) (unit: gramsPerSquareMeter / missing value: NA)
20. notes: notes

hf324-03: coarse woody debris

1. year: year of measurement
2. project: project nickname
3. archive: Harvard Forest Data Archive number
4. contact: contact person for dataset
5. lat: latitude (unit: degree / missing value: NA)
6. long: longitude (unit: degree / missing value: NA)
7. plot: plot identifier
8. site: specific site of plot
9. type: forest type
   • conifer: conifer
   • hardwood: hardwood
10. obs.exp: whether observational or experimental measurement
    • obs: observational
    • exp: experimental
11. treatment: if experimental, treatment type
12. treat.year: if experimental, treatment year
13. tract: Harvard Forest tract name
    • PH: Prospect Hill
    • PISGAH: Pisgah (in New Hampshire)
    • Simes: Harvard Simes Tract
    • SimesTrust: land owned by Simes Trust, just south/east of PH gate 8
    • TS: Tom Swamp
14. method: inventory method for CWD
    • linetran: down wood measured along intersections with a line transect
    • 1: down wood measured within a fixed-radius plot; calculate volume as frustum of cone inputting baseD; topD; length.m
    • 1a: down wood measured within a fixed-radius plot; calculate volume using Newton's formula, inputting baseD; midD; topD; length.m
15. plot.size.m2: area of plot for plot method (unit: squareMeter / missing value: NA)
16. transect: transect identifier, for linetran method; note: for linetran method, sum up volume or mass by aggregating by plot+transect ID
17. tran.length.m: transect length for linetran method (unit: meter / missing value: NA)
18. species: tree species
    • ACPE: Acer pensylvanicum
    • ACRU: Acer rubrum
    • ACSA: Acer saccharum
    • ACSP: Acer spp.
    • BEAL: Betula alleghaniensis
    • BELE: Betula lenta
    • BEPA: Betula papyrifera
    • BEPO: Betula populifolia
    • BESP: Betula spp.
    • CADE: Castanea dentata
    • CASP: Carya species
    • CONF: conifer
    • DECD: deciduous
    • FAGR: Fagus grandifolia
    • FRAM: Fraxinus americana
    • HAVI: Hammamelis virginiana
    • OSVI: Ostrya virginiana
    • PIAB: Picea abies
    • PIGL: Picea glauca
    • PI: Picea species not specified
    • PIRE: Pinus resinosa
    • PIRU: Picea rubens
    • PISP: Picea spp.
    • PIST: Pinus strobus
    • PRSE: Prunus serotina
    • PRSP: Prunus species not specified
    • QUAL: Quercus alba
    • QURU: Quercus rubra
    • QUSP: Quercus species not specified
    • TSCA: Tsuga canadensis
    • UNK: unknown
19. decay.scale: decay scale
    • 1to5: scale of 1 to 5
    • 1to3: scale of 1 to 3
    • S.R: sound or rotten
20. decay: decay class
    • 1: 1-5 scale: solid wood, recently fallen, bark and twigs present / 1-3 scale: solid
    • 2: 1-5 scale: solid wood, significantly weathering, branches present / 1-3 scale: partially decayed, broken
    • 3: 1-5 scale: wood not solid, bark may be sloughing but nail still must be pounded into wood / 1-3 scale: decomposed into soil
    • 4: wood sloughing and/or friable, nail may be forcibly pushed into wood
    • 5: wood friable, barely holding shape, nail may be easily pushed into wood
    • sound: sound
    • rotten: rotten
21. min.diam.cm: minimum diameter of wood included in survey (unit: centimeter / missing value: NA)
22. diam1: diameter of wood where it crosses the transect (linetran). A negative number measures the hollow within a log in the same transect (unit: centimeter / missing value: NA)
23. diam2: second measurement of diameter taken perpendicular to first (linetran) (unit: centimeter / missing value: NA)
24. diamavg: elliptical average diameter; if only one diameter recorded, it is in this column (linetran) (unit: centimeter / missing value: NA)
25. length.m: length of down wood piece (plot-based method) (unit: meter / missing value: NA)
26. base.d: diameter at the base of the down wood piece (plot-based method) (unit: centimeter / missing value: NA)
27. mid.d: diameter at the midpoint of the down wood piece (plot-based method) (unit: centimeter / missing value: NA)
28. top.d: diameter at the top of the down wood piece (plot-based method) (unit: centimeter / missing value: NA)
29. dens: density of the wood, based on its species and decay class (unit: gramsPerCubicCentimeter / missing value: NA)
30. vol.area: calculated volume based on method specified (unit: litersPerSquareMeter / missing value: NA)
31. mass: mass, g/m2, calculated from the equation dens*(1/0.000001))*volume) (unit: kilogramsPerSquareMeter / missing value: NA)
32. hollow: whether or not a hollow
    • N: not a hollow
    • Y: measurement is of a hollow, so should be a negative value that is subtracted from the total volume
33. notes: notes including tag numbers for individually tracked pieces; in hf041, the number is the compass angle of the piece, followed by W=windthrown or S=snapped

hf324-04: fine woody debris

1. year: year of measurement
2. project: project name
3. archive: Harvard Forest Data Archive number
4. contact: contact person for dataset
5. type: forest type
   • AcerBetula: AcerBetula
   • Pinus: Pinus
   • Quercus: Quercus
   • Tsuga: Tsuga
6. plot: plot identifier
7. lat: latitude (unit: degree / missing value: NA)
8. long: longitude (unit: degree / missing value: NA)
9. obs.exp: whether observational or experimental measurement
   • exp: experimental
   • obs: observational
10. treatment: if experimental, treatment type
11. treat.year: if experimental, treatment year
12. tract: Harvard Forest tract name
13. transect: transect number
14. distance.m: distance measured (unit: meter / missing value: NA)
15. size.class: size class of fwd
    • 1: 0.65-2.4 cm
    • 2: 2.5-7.5 cm
    • 1-10cm: all pieces in the 1-10 cm range were lumped together
16. count: number of fwd pieces (unit: number / missing value: NA)
17. d2q: squared average quadratic mean diameter, m2, by species/species type and size class (Harmon and Sexton 1996) (unit: squareMeter / missing value: NA)
18. a: species-specific constant used to calculate volume (Harmon and Sexton 1996) (unit: dimensionless / missing value: NA)
19. dens: species-specific density, g/cm3, used to calculate mass (Harmon and Sexton 1996) (unit: gramsPerCubicCentimeter / missing value: NA)
20. volume: volume, m3/m2, calculated with the equation V= 9.869*count*a*(d2q/(8*distance.m)), where V is volume per unit area, d is the quadratic mean piece diameter for a size class, and a is the average secant piece along the transect (Harmon and Sexton 1996) (unit: litersPerSquareMeter / missing value: NA)
21. mass: mass, g/m2, calculated from the equation dens*(1/0.000001))*volume) (unit: gramsPerSquareMeter / missing value: NA)

hf324-05: standing dead wood

1. year: year of measurement
2. project: project nickname
3. archive: Harvard Forest Data Archive number
4. contact: contact person for dataset
5. lat: latitude (unit: degree / missing value: NA)
6. long: longitude (unit: degree / missing value: NA)
7. plot: plot identifier
8. site: specific site of plot
9. type: forest type
   • conifer: conifer
   • hardwood: hardwood
10. obs.exp: whether observational or experimental measurement
    • exp: experimental
    • obs: observational
11. treatment: if experimental, treatment type
12. treat.year: if experimental, treatment year
13. tract: Harvard Forest tract name
    • PH: Prospect Hill
    • Pisgah: Pisgah (in New Hampshire)
    • Simes: Harvard Simes Tract
    • SimesTrust: land owned by Simes Trust, just south/east of PH gate 8
    • TS: Tom Swamp
14. method: method to calculate volume of the sample
    • 1: calculate volume as frustum of cone inputting baseD; topD; height.m
    • 1a: calculate volume as frustum of cone with slightly too-small base diameter inputting dbh, topD, height.m
    • 2: calculate volume as cylinder inputting dbh.cm and height.m
    • 3: calculate volume as cylinder inputting midD and height.m
    • 3a: calculate volume as cylinder inputting baseD and height.m
    • 3b: calculate volume as cylinder inputting baseD and height.m
    • 4: calculate MASS with species-specific allometric equation, then use the INVERSE of the DENSITY to calculate volume
    • 5: do not calculate volume. Either no wood in plot or transect, or too much missing information (18 trees total)
15. plot.size.m2: area of plot (m2) in which snags and stumps were sampled. This is a total area per plot for plots in which more than one strip plot was measured (hf-here) (unit: squareMeter / missing value: NA)
16. transect: transect identifier for studies in which more than one strip-transect measured per overall plot (hf-here)
17. tran.size.m2: transect area (m2) when more than one strip-transect per plot (hf-here) (unit: squareMeter / missing value: NA)
18. species: tree species
    • ACPE: Acer pensylvanicum
    • ACRU: Acer rubrum
    • ACSA: Acer saccharum
    • ACSP: Acer spp.
    • BEAL: Betula alleghaniensis
    • BELE: Betula lenta
    • BEPA: Betula papyrifera
    • BEPO: Betula populifolia
    • BESP: Betula spp.
    • CADE: Castanea dentata
    • CASP: Carya species
    • CONF: conifer
    • DECD: deciduous
    • FAGR: Fagus grandifolia
    • FRAM: Fraxinus americana
    • HAVI: Hammamelis virginiana
    • OSVI: Ostrya virginiana
    • PIAB: Picea abies
    • PIGL: Picea glauca
    • PI: Picea species not specified
    • PIRE: Pinus resinosa
    • PIRU: Picea rubens
    • PISP: Picea spp.
    • PIST: Pinus strobus
    • PRSE: Prunus serotina
    • PRSP: Prunus species not specified
    • QUAL: Quercus alba
    • QURU: Quercus rubra
    • QUSP: Quercus species not specified
    • TSCA: Tsuga canadensis
    • UNK: unknown
19. decay.scale: decay scale
    • 1to5: 1 to 5
20. decay: decay class
    • 1: solid wood, recently fallen, bark and twigs present
    • 2: solid wood, significantly weathering, branches present
    • 3: wood not solid, bark may be sloughing but nail still must be pounded into wood
    • 4: wood sloughing and/or friable, nail may be forcibly pushed into wood
    • 5: wood friable, barely holding shape, nail may be easily pushed into wood
21. type.1: category of dead wood
    • hollow: hollow within a snag that is subtracted from the total volume
    • intact: intact tree
    • snag: standing dead tree with branches and part of crown missing
    • stump: cut tree
22. treenum: tag number for individually identified pieces or trees
23. dbh.cm: minimum diameter of wood included in survey (unit: centimeter / missing value: NA)
24. base.d: diameter at the base of the down wood piece (plot-based method) (unit: centimeter / missing value: NA)
25. mid.d: diameter at the midpoint of the down wood piece (plot-based method) (unit: centimeter / missing value: NA)
26. top.d: diameter at the top of the down wood piece (plot-based method) (unit: centimeter / missing value: NA)
27. height.m: height of wood piece (unit: meter / missing value: NA)
28. dens: density of the wood, based on its species and decay class (unit: gramsPerCubicCentimeter / missing value: NA)
29. volume: calculated volume based on method specified (unit: cubicMeter / missing value: NA)
30. mass: calculated mass, based on volume and density (unit: gramsPerSquareMeter / missing value: NA)
31. notes: notes including tag numbers for individually tracked pieces; in hf041, the number is the compass angle of the piece, followed by W=windthrown or S=snapped
32. vol.area: volume per unit area (divide by plot.size.m2) (unit: litersPerSquareMeter / missing value: NA)
33. biomass: for method 4 only, mass of snag calculated by allometry (unit: kilogram / missing value: NA)

hf324-06: soil carbon

1. year: year of measurement
2. month: month of measurement
3. day: day of measurement
4. doy: day of year of measurement (unit: nominalDay / missing value: NA)
5. project: project nickname
6. archive: Harvard Forest Data Archive number; unpublished data not in HF Data Archive; data from published paper
7. contact: contact person for dataset
8. lat: latitude (unit: degree / missing value: NA)
9. long: longitude (unit: degree / missing value: NA)
10. plot: plot identifier
11. site: specific site of plot
12. type: forest type
    • hardwood: hardwood
    • conifer: conifer
13. obs.exp: whether observational or experimental measurement
    • exp: experimental
    • obs: observational
14. treatment: if experimental, treatment type
15. treat.year: if experimental, treatment year
16. tract: Harvard Forest tract name
    • BW: Barre Woods, generally known as Slab City [SC]
    • PH: Prospect Hill
    • PISGAH: Pisgah (in New Hampshire)
    • Simes: Harvard Simes Tract
    • TS: Tom Swamp
17. species: species
    • ACSA: Acer saccharum
    • DECD: deciduous (hardwood)
    • FAGR: Fagus grandifolia
    • FRAM: Fraxinus americana
    • PIRE: Pinus resinosa
    • QURU: Quercus rubra
    • TSCA: Tsuga canadensis
18. sample: sample number
19. sublot.replicate: replicate number
20. horizon: soil horizon
21. depth: depth of sample relative to the top of the mineral soil (mineral) or horizon thickness (organic)
22. soil.mass: soil mass (unit: gram / missing value: NA)
23. bulk.density: bulk density (unit: gramsPerCubicCentimeter / missing value: NA)
24. rock.volume: volume of rocks in sample (unit: milliliter / missing value: NA)
25. per.om: percentage of organic matter (unit: dimensionless / missing value: NA)
26. n: number of samples (unit: number / missing value: NA)
27. per.c: carbon content (%) (unit: dimensionless / missing value: NA)
28. per.c.se: standard error of the carbon content (%) (unit: dimensionless / missing value: NA)
29. per.n: nitrogen content (%) (unit: dimensionless / missing value: NA)
30. per.n.se: standard error of the nitrogen content (%) (unit: dimensionless / missing value: NA)
31. c.mass: mass of carbon (unit: kilogramsPerSquareMeter / missing value: NA)
32. c.mass.rocks: mass of carbon corrected for the volume of rocks in sample (unit: kilogramsPerSquareMeter / missing value: NA)
33. use.not: whether or not to use data for synthesis
    • 0: do not use data
    • 1: use data
34. notes: notes

hf324-07: fine root biomass

1. year: year of measurement
2. month: month of measurement
3. day: day of measurement
4. doy: day of year of measurement (unit: nominalDay / missing value: NA)
5. project: project nickname
6. archive: Harvard Forest Data Archive Number; unpublished data that are not in the Harvard Forest archive; data from published papers
7. contact: contact person for dataset
8. lat: latitude (unit: degree / missing value: NA)
9. long: longitude (unit: degree / missing value: NA)
10. plot: plot identifier
11. site: specific site of plot
12. type: forest type
    • conifer: conifer
    • hardwood: hardwood
13. obs.exp: whether observational or experimental measurement
    • exp: experimental
    • obs: observational
14. treatment: if experimental, treatment type
15. treat.year: if experimental, treatment year
16. tract: Harvard Forest tract name
    • BW: Barre Woods, generally known as Slab City [SC]
    • PH: Prospect Hill
    • PISGAH: Pisgah (in New Hampshire)
    • Simes: Harvard Simes Tract
    • TS: Tom Swamp
17. species: species
    • ACSA: Acer saccharum
    • DECD: deciduous (hardwood)
    • FAGR: Fagus grandifolia
    • FRAM: Fraxinus americana
    • PIRE: Pinus resinosa
    • QURU: Quercus rubra
    • TSCA: Tsuga canadensis
18. method: inventory method for root biomass
19. sample: sample number
20. live.dead: root state
    • dead: dead
    • live: live
21. fine.coarse.herb: root size
    • coarse: great than 2mm diameter
    • fine: less than 2mm diameter
    • herbaceous: herbaceous root
22. horizon: soil horizon
    • mineral: mineral
    • organic: organic
    • organic+mineral: organic and mineral
23. depth: depth of sample relative to the top of the mineral soil (mineral) or horizon thickness (organic)
24. rock.volume: volume of rocks in sample (unit: milliliter / missing value: NA)
25. n: number of samples (unit: number / missing value: NA)
26. wt.g: root mass (unit: gram / missing value: NA)
27. wt.gm2: root mass (unit: gramsPerSquareMeter / missing value: NA)
28. wt.gm2.se: standard error of the root mass (unit: dimensionless / missing value: NA)
29. gcm2: root C mass (unit: gramsPerSquareMeter / missing value: NA)
30. gcm2.rock: root C mass (gC/m2) corrected for volume of rocks in sample (unit: kilogramsPerSquareMeter / missing value: NA)
31. use.not: whether or not to use data for synthesis
    • 0: do not use
    • 1: use
32. notes: notes

hf324-08: root exudates

1. date: date of measurement
2. year: year of measurement
3. month: month of measurement
4. day: day of measurement
5. doy: day of year of measurement (unit: nominalDay / missing value: NA)
6. project: project nickname
7. archive: Harvard Forest Data Archive number; other published data
8. contact: contact person for dataset
9. lat: latitude (unit: degree / missing value: NA)
10. long: longitude (unit: degree / missing value: NA)
11. plot: plot identifier
12. site: specific site of plot
13. type: forest type
    • conifer: conifer
    • hardwood: hardwood
14. obs.exp: whether observational or experimental measurement
    • exp: experimental
    • obs: observational
15. treatment: if experimental, treatment type
16. treat.year: if experimental, treatment year
17. tract: Harvard Forest tract name
    • PH: Prospect Hill
    • PISGAH: Pisgah (in New Hampshire)
18. species: species
    • ACSA: Acer saccharum
    • FAGR: Fagus grandifolia
    • FRAM: Fraxinus americana
    • QURU: Quercus rubra
    • TSCA: Tsuga canadensis
19. rock.volume: volume of rocks in sample (unit: milliliter / missing value: NA)
20. n: number of samples (unit: number / missing value: NA)
21. gcm2day: mass of exudates (gC/m2/day) (unit: gramPerMeterSquaredPerDay / missing value: NA)
22. se: standard error of the mass of exudates (gC/m2/day) (unit: dimensionless / missing value: NA)
23. gcm2day.rock: mass of exudates corrected for the rock content in the samples (gC/m2/day) (unit: gramPerMeterSquaredPerDay / missing value: NA)
24. use.not: whether or not to use data for synthesis
    • 0: do not use data
    • 1: use data
25. notes: notes

hf324-09: tree workflow, R scripts and files

• Compression: zip
• Format: csv, Microsoft Excel, R script, text
• Type: document, script, table

hf324-10: litterfall and dead wood processing files and R scripts

• Compression: zip
• Format: csv, text, R script
• Type: document, script

hf324-11: MATLAB code and input files

• Compression: zip
• Format: csv, Matlab script, Microsoft Excel, text, R script
• Type: document, script, table