Harvard Forest Data Archive

HF442

Using Phenology to Forecast Species Distributions across the Eastern United States in the 2070s

Related Publications

Data

• hf442-01: growth form (preview)
• hf442-02: spatial data, Eastern United States (preview)
• hf442-03: future climate data, ACCESS-CM2 model (preview)
• hf442-04: future climate data, CMCC-ESM2 model (preview)
• hf442-05: future climate data, GISS-E2-1-G model (preview)
• hf442-06: future climate data, HadGEM3 model (preview)
• hf442-07: future climate data, INM-CM4-8 model (preview)
• hf442-08: future climate data, MIROC6 model (preview)
• hf442-09: current climate (preview)
• hf442-10: soil data (preview)
• hf442-11: altitude data (preview)
• hf442-12: phenological data (preview)
• hf442-13: species distribution (preview)
• hf442-14: R code for data analyses

Overview

• Lead: Shijia Peng, Aaron Ellison, Charles Davis
• Investigators: Isaac Park, Tadeo Ramirez-Parada, Susan Mazer, Sydne Record
• Contact: Information Manager
• Start date: 1895
• End date: 2018
• Status: complete
• Location: Eastern United States
• Latitude: +24.55 to +47.31 degrees
• Longitude: -87.53 to -66.97 degrees
• Elevation: 2.78 to 1113.89 meter
• Datum: WGS84
• Taxa:
• Release date: 2023
• Language: English
• EML file: knb-lter-hfr.442.2
• DOI: digital object identifier
• EDI: data package
• DataONE: data package
• Related links:
• Eastern Massachusetts Flowering Phenology 1852-2013
• Widespread Sampling Biases in Herbaria Revealed from Large-Scale Digitization 1656-2016
• Assessing Plant Phenological Patterns in the Eastern United States Over the Last 120 Years
• Assessing Plant Phenological Character Displacement Across the Eastern United States Since 1895
• Study type: historical, modeling
• Research topic: biodiversity studies; conservation and management; ecological informatics and modelling; regional studies
• LTER core area: population studies
• Keywords: climate change, distribution, modeling, phenology, plant species, species diversity
• Abstract:

  Studies that use species distribution models (SDMs) to document the relationship between species’ geographic range and environmental conditions rarely consider functional traits, such as phenology, that strongly affect species’ demography and fitness. Using more than 120,000 herbarium specimens representing 360 plant species across the eastern United States, we created a novel “phenology-informed” SDM that integrates dynamic phenological responses to changing climates. Compared to standard SDMs based only on abiotic variables, our phenology-informed SDMs forecast significantly lower species habitat loss, and less species turnover within communities under climate change. These results suggest that phenotypic plasticity and/or local adaptation in phenology may help many species adjust their ecological niches and persist in their habitats during periods of rapid environmental change. By modeling historical data that link phenology, climate and species distributions, our findings reveal how species’ reproductive phenology mediates their geographic distributions along environmental gradients and affect regional biodiversity patterns under future climate changes. More importantly, our newly developed model also circumvents the need for mechanistic models that explicitly link traits to occurrences for each species, and could thus facilitate the deployment of trait-based SDMs across unprecedented spatial and taxonomic scales.

• Methods:

  Species selection and phenological data collection

  We used digitized specimens from two of the most comprehensive digitized regional floras in the world: the Consortium of Northeastern Herbaria (CNH, https://neherbaria.org /portal/) and the Southeast Regional Network of Expertise and Collections (SERNEC, https://sernecportal.org/portal/). These two online portals include more than six million digitized herbarium specimens from across the eastern United States. Following previously established protocols, we selected species and specimens for analysis when i) there were at least 50 unique collections of the species across space and time in the eastern United States, ii) the specimens included both an exact collection date and at least county-level location information, and iii) the specimens had easily identifiable and quantifiable buds, flowers, and fruits. Applying these criteria yielded 124,847 total herbarium specimens representing 360 species that we used in our models and analyses. These species vary in life history, growth form and native status (i.e., native or not to the eastern United States). Information on species’ growth form and native status were derived from the United States Department of Agriculture PLANTS Database (https://plants.isda.gov/). Our final database included 57 herbaceous annuals, 224 herbaceous perennials, 12 vine perennials, 67 woody species, of which 314 are native and 46 are introduced.

  Phenological data extraction

  Crowdsourcers hired through Amazon’s Mechanical Turk service (MTurk; https://www.mturk.com/) counted the number of each type of structure (i.e., buds, flowers, and fruits) present on the specimen using the CrowdCurio platform. Each specimen was scored independently by at least three crowdsourcers. To estimate the reliability of each crowdsourcer and their data, each 10-image set scored by one person included nine unique images and one duplicate image randomly selected from the other nine. The nine images plus the duplicate image were presented to each crowdsourcer in a random order. We then calculated a reliability score for each crowdsourcer based on the data for each 10-image set. The absolute differences between the two duplicate specimens in counts of buds, flowers, or fruits, were separately divided by the total counts for each phenological state, and then subtracted from 1.

  The reliability score ranged from 0 (unreliable) to 1 (reliable). Specimen observations scored by crowdsourcers with a reliability score of zero were excluded from the analysis; if an individual received a reliability score equal to zero for one phenological phase, the reliability scores for that same individual’s counts of the other phenological states were also set to zero (and similarly excluded from the analyses). Our final dataset included a total of 393,610 phenological observations spanning 124 years (1895–2018).

  We calculated the median number of buds, flowers, and fruits from the multiple phenological observations for each specimen. We then estimated the day of year (DOY) of “peak” budding, flowering, and fruiting if their buds, open flowers, or fruits separately represented ≥ 50% of the total number of reproductive structures. Two species each were excluded from the “peak budding” category (Primula mistassinica and Sarracenia rubra) and the “peak fruiting” category (Calopogon barbatus and Narcissus poeticus) because there were no specimens of these species at these developmental stages. Of the original 124,847 herbarium specimens, 29,094 specimens were scored as being at peak budding (representing 358 species), 55,767 specimens at peak flowering (representing 360 species), and 37,071 specimens at peak fruiting (representing 358 species).

  Species distribution data

  County-level species’ distribution data were obtained from the Biota of North America Program’s (BONAP; http://www.bonap.org/) North American Plant Atlas (NAPA), which included 19,039 taxa from 227 families (as of November 2022). These data are available as binary occurrences (i.e., presence/absence) for 3,067 counties in the USA, excluding Alaska and Hawai’i. We supplemented the species’ distribution records from BONAP using additional data from the GBIF database (https://www.gbif.org) and all available specimen records in the CNH and SERNEC database. Most (≈ 70%) of these additional data points (i.e., GBIF+NH+SERNEC) represented specimens collected between 1960 and 2000.

  Since the median area of all counties across the eastern United States is 1221 km2, we divided the contiguous eastern United States into 40 × 40-km (1600-km2) grid cells using the Mercator projection (EPSG 3857). After removing incomplete grid cells (those less than 800 km2) within national borders and coasts, a total of 1,158 grid cells remained. We then overlaid grid cells with county-layer species-occurrence data. A species was deemed “present” in a grid cell if more than half of the cell’s area was covered by the county-level distribution of that species. If a grid cell included parts of several counties in which a species occurred, the total coverage of this grid cell was defined as the sum of all intersected parts of those counties.

• Organization: Harvard Forest. 324 North Main Street, Petersham, MA 01366, USA. Phone (978) 724-3302. Fax (978) 724-3595.

• Project: The Harvard Forest Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) program examines ecological dynamics in the New England region resulting from natural disturbances, environmental change, and human impacts. (ROR).

• Funding: National Science Foundation LTER grants: DEB-8811764, DEB-9411975, DEB-0080592, DEB-0620443, DEB-1237491, DEB-1832210. Other funding: NSF grants DEB-1754584 and DEB-2242804.

• Use: This dataset is released to the public under Creative Commons CC0 1.0 (No Rights Reserved). Please keep the dataset creators informed of any plans to use the dataset. Consultation with the original investigators is strongly encouraged. Publications and data products that make use of the dataset should include proper acknowledgement.

• License: Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal (CC0-1.0)

• Citation: Peng S, Ellison A, Davis C. 2023. Using Phenology to Forecast Species Distributions across the Eastern United States in the 2070s. Harvard Forest Data Archive: HF442 (v.2). Environmental Data Initiative: https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/b26a7d03402dac0daff0e8f3232bac1d.

Detailed Metadata

hf442-01: growth form

1. Species: genus and species
2. Growth_Form: growth form
   • Herbaceous annual: herbaceous annual
   • Herbaceous perennial: herbaceous perennial
   • Vine perennial: vine perennial
   • Woody: woody
3. Status: status
   • Introduced: introduced
   • Native: native

hf442-02: spatial data, Eastern United States

1. Gridcode: grid code
2. longitude: longitude (unit: dimensionless / missing value: NA)
3. latitude: latitude (unit: dimensionless / missing value: NA)

hf442-03: future climate data, ACCESS-CM2 model

1. Gridcode: grid code
2. bio1: mean annual temperature (unit: celsius / missing value: NA)
3. bio2: mean diurnal range (unit: celsius / missing value: NA)
4. bio3: isothermality (unit: dimensionless / missing value: NA)
5. bio4: temperature seasonality (unit: dimensionless / missing value: NA)
6. bio5: maximum temperature of warmest month (unit: celsius / missing value: NA)
7. bio6: maximum temperature of coldest month (unit: celsius / missing value: NA)
8. bio7: temperature annual range (unit: celsius / missing value: NA)
9. bio8: mean temperature of wettest quarter (unit: celsius / missing value: NA)
10. bio9: mean temperature of driest quarter (unit: celsius / missing value: NA)
11. bio10: mean temperature of warmest quarter (unit: celsius / missing value: NA)
12. bio11: mean temperature of coldest quarter (unit: celsius / missing value: NA)
13. bio12: annual precipitation (unit: millimeter / missing value: NA)
14. bio13: precipitation of wettest month (unit: millimeter / missing value: NA)
15. bio14: precipitation of driest month (unit: millimeter / missing value: NA)
16. bio15: precipitation seasonality (unit: millimeter / missing value: NA)
17. bio16: precipitation of wettest quarter (unit: millimeter / missing value: NA)
18. bio17: precipitation of driest quarter (unit: millimeter / missing value: NA)
19. bio18: precipitation of warmest quarter (unit: millimeter / missing value: NA)
20. bio19: precipitation of coldest quarter (unit: millimeter / missing value: NA)

hf442-04: future climate data, CMCC-ESM2 model

1. Gridcode: grid code
2. bio1: mean annual temperature (unit: celsius / missing value: NA)
3. bio2: mean diurnal range (unit: celsius / missing value: NA)
4. bio3: isothermality (unit: dimensionless / missing value: NA)
5. bio4: temperature seasonality (unit: dimensionless / missing value: NA)
6. bio5: maximum temperature of warmest month (unit: celsius / missing value: NA)
7. bio6: maximum temperature of coldest month (unit: celsius / missing value: NA)
8. bio7: temperature annual range (unit: celsius / missing value: NA)
9. bio8: mean temperature of wettest quarter (unit: celsius / missing value: NA)
10. bio9: mean temperature of driest quarter (unit: celsius / missing value: NA)
11. bio10: mean temperature of warmest quarter (unit: celsius / missing value: NA)
12. bio11: mean temperature of coldest quarter (unit: celsius / missing value: NA)
13. bio12: annual precipitation (unit: millimeter / missing value: NA)
14. bio13: precipitation of wettest month (unit: millimeter / missing value: NA)
15. bio14: precipitation of driest month (unit: millimeter / missing value: NA)
16. bio15: precipitation seasonality (unit: millimeter / missing value: NA)
17. bio16: precipitation of wettest quarter (unit: millimeter / missing value: NA)
18. bio17: precipitation of driest quarter (unit: millimeter / missing value: NA)
19. bio18: precipitation of warmest quarter (unit: millimeter / missing value: NA)
20. bio19: precipitation of coldest quarter (unit: millimeter / missing value: NA)

hf442-05: future climate data, GISS-E2-1-G model

1. Gridcode: grid code
2. bio1: mean annual temperature (unit: celsius / missing value: NA)
3. bio2: mean diurnal range (unit: celsius / missing value: NA)
4. bio3: isothermality (unit: dimensionless / missing value: NA)
5. bio4: temperature seasonality (unit: dimensionless / missing value: NA)
6. bio5: maximum temperature of warmest month (unit: celsius / missing value: NA)
7. bio6: maximum temperature of coldest month (unit: celsius / missing value: NA)
8. bio7: temperature annual range (unit: celsius / missing value: NA)
9. bio8: mean temperature of wettest quarter (unit: celsius / missing value: NA)
10. bio9: mean temperature of driest quarter (unit: celsius / missing value: NA)
11. bio10: mean temperature of warmest quarter (unit: celsius / missing value: NA)
12. bio11: mean temperature of coldest quarter (unit: celsius / missing value: NA)
13. bio12: annual precipitation (unit: millimeter / missing value: NA)
14. bio13: precipitation of wettest month (unit: millimeter / missing value: NA)
15. bio14: precipitation of driest month (unit: millimeter / missing value: NA)
16. bio15: precipitation seasonality (unit: millimeter / missing value: NA)
17. bio16: precipitation of wettest quarter (unit: millimeter / missing value: NA)
18. bio17: precipitation of driest quarter (unit: millimeter / missing value: NA)
19. bio18: precipitation of warmest quarter (unit: millimeter / missing value: NA)
20. bio19: precipitation of coldest quarter (unit: millimeter / missing value: NA)

hf442-06: future climate data, HadGEM3 model

1. Gridcode: grid code
2. bio1: mean annual temperature (unit: celsius / missing value: NA)
3. bio2: mean diurnal range (unit: celsius / missing value: NA)
4. bio3: isothermality (unit: dimensionless / missing value: NA)
5. bio4: temperature seasonality (unit: dimensionless / missing value: NA)
6. bio5: maximum temperature of warmest month (unit: celsius / missing value: NA)
7. bio6: maximum temperature of coldest month (unit: celsius / missing value: NA)
8. bio7: temperature annual range (unit: celsius / missing value: NA)
9. bio8: mean temperature of wettest quarter (unit: celsius / missing value: NA)
10. bio9: mean temperature of driest quarter (unit: celsius / missing value: NA)
11. bio10: mean temperature of warmest quarter (unit: celsius / missing value: NA)
12. bio11: mean temperature of coldest quarter (unit: celsius / missing value: NA)
13. bio12: annual precipitation (unit: millimeter / missing value: NA)
14. bio13: precipitation of wettest month (unit: millimeter / missing value: NA)
15. bio14: precipitation of driest month (unit: millimeter / missing value: NA)
16. bio15: precipitation seasonality (unit: millimeter / missing value: NA)
17. bio16: precipitation of wettest quarter (unit: millimeter / missing value: NA)
18. bio17: precipitation of driest quarter (unit: millimeter / missing value: NA)
19. bio18: precipitation of warmest quarter (unit: millimeter / missing value: NA)
20. bio19: precipitation of coldest quarter (unit: millimeter / missing value: NA)

hf442-07: future climate data, INM-CM4-8 model

1. Gridcode: grid code
2. bio1: mean annual temperature (unit: celsius / missing value: NA)
3. bio2: mean diurnal range (unit: celsius / missing value: NA)
4. bio3: isothermality (unit: dimensionless / missing value: NA)
5. bio4: temperature seasonality (unit: dimensionless / missing value: NA)
6. bio5: maximum temperature of warmest month (unit: celsius / missing value: NA)
7. bio6: maximum temperature of coldest month (unit: celsius / missing value: NA)
8. bio7: temperature annual range (unit: celsius / missing value: NA)
9. bio8: mean temperature of wettest quarter (unit: celsius / missing value: NA)
10. bio9: mean temperature of driest quarter (unit: celsius / missing value: NA)
11. bio10: mean temperature of warmest quarter (unit: celsius / missing value: NA)
12. bio11: mean temperature of coldest quarter (unit: celsius / missing value: NA)
13. bio12: annual precipitation (unit: millimeter / missing value: NA)
14. bio13: precipitation of wettest month (unit: millimeter / missing value: NA)
15. bio14: precipitation of driest month (unit: millimeter / missing value: NA)
16. bio15: precipitation seasonality (unit: millimeter / missing value: NA)
17. bio16: precipitation of wettest quarter (unit: millimeter / missing value: NA)
18. bio17: precipitation of driest quarter (unit: millimeter / missing value: NA)
19. bio18: precipitation of warmest quarter (unit: millimeter / missing value: NA)
20. bio19: precipitation of coldest quarter (unit: millimeter / missing value: NA)

hf442-08: future climate data, MIROC6 model

1. Gridcode: grid code
2. bio1: mean annual temperature (unit: celsius / missing value: NA)
3. bio2: mean diurnal range (unit: celsius / missing value: NA)
4. bio3: isothermality (unit: dimensionless / missing value: NA)
5. bio4: temperature seasonality (unit: dimensionless / missing value: NA)
6. bio5: maximum temperature of warmest month (unit: celsius / missing value: NA)
7. bio6: maximum temperature of coldest month (unit: celsius / missing value: NA)
8. bio7: temperature annual range (unit: celsius / missing value: NA)
9. bio8: mean temperature of wettest quarter (unit: celsius / missing value: NA)
10. bio9: mean temperature of driest quarter (unit: celsius / missing value: NA)
11. bio10: mean temperature of warmest quarter (unit: celsius / missing value: NA)
12. bio11: mean temperature of coldest quarter (unit: celsius / missing value: NA)
13. bio12: annual precipitation (unit: millimeter / missing value: NA)
14. bio13: precipitation of wettest month (unit: millimeter / missing value: NA)
15. bio14: precipitation of driest month (unit: millimeter / missing value: NA)
16. bio15: precipitation seasonality (unit: millimeter / missing value: NA)
17. bio16: precipitation of wettest quarter (unit: millimeter / missing value: NA)
18. bio17: precipitation of driest quarter (unit: millimeter / missing value: NA)
19. bio18: precipitation of warmest quarter (unit: millimeter / missing value: NA)
20. bio19: precipitation of coldest quarter (unit: millimeter / missing value: NA)

hf442-09: current climate

1. Gridcode: grid code
2. bio1: mean annual temperature (unit: celsius / missing value: NA)
3. bio2: mean diurnal range (unit: celsius / missing value: NA)
4. bio3: isothermality (unit: dimensionless / missing value: NA)
5. bio4: temperature seasonality (unit: dimensionless / missing value: NA)
6. bio5: maximum temperature of warmest month (unit: celsius / missing value: NA)
7. bio6: maximum temperature of coldest month (unit: celsius / missing value: NA)
8. bio7: temperature annual range (unit: celsius / missing value: NA)
9. bio8: mean temperature of wettest quarter (unit: celsius / missing value: NA)
10. bio9: mean temperature of driest quarter (unit: celsius / missing value: NA)
11. bio10: mean temperature of warmest quarter (unit: celsius / missing value: NA)
12. bio11: mean temperature of coldest quarter (unit: celsius / missing value: NA)
13. bio12: annual precipitation (unit: millimeter / missing value: NA)
14. bio13: precipitation of wettest month (unit: millimeter / missing value: NA)
15. bio14: precipitation of driest month (unit: millimeter / missing value: NA)
16. bio15: precipitation seasonality (unit: millimeter / missing value: NA)
17. bio16: precipitation of wettest quarter (unit: millimeter / missing value: NA)
18. bio17: precipitation of driest quarter (unit: millimeter / missing value: NA)
19. bio18: precipitation of warmest quarter (unit: millimeter / missing value: NA)
20. bio19: precipitation of coldest quarter (unit: millimeter / missing value: NA)

hf442-10: soil data

1. Gridcode: grid code
2. BD: bulk density (unit: centigramPerCubicCentimeter / missing value: NA)
3. Sand: sand content (unit: gramsPerKilogram / missing value: NA)
4. Clay: clay content (unit: gramsPerKilogram / missing value: NA)
5. Silt: silt content (unit: gramsPerKilogram / missing value: NA)
6. CRF: coarse fragments (unit: cubicCentimeterPerCubicDecimeter / missing value: NA)

hf442-11: altitude data

1. Gridcode: grid code
2. Altitude: altitude (unit: meter / missing value: NA)

hf442-12: phenological data

1. species: species
2. bud: number of buds (unit: dimensionless / missing value: NA)
3. flower: number of flowers (unit: dimensionless / missing value: NA)
4. fruit: number of fruits (unit: dimensionless / missing value: NA)
5. state: US state where specimen was collected
6. longitude: longitude (unit: dimensionless / missing value: NA)
7. latitude: latitude (unit: dimensionless / missing value: NA)
8. year: collection year
9. month: collection month (unit: dimensionless / missing value: NA)
10. day: collection day (unit: dimensionless / missing value: NA)
11. date: collection date

hf442-13: species distribution

1. Gridcode: grid code
2. Anemone_canadensis: presence or absence of this species
   • 0: absence
   • 1: presence
3. Anemone_cylindrica: presence or absence of this species
   • 0: absence
   • 1: presence
4. Anemone_hepatica: presence or absence of this species
   • 0: absence
   • 1: presence
5. Anemone_quinquefolia: presence or absence of this species
   • 0: absence
   • 1: presence
6. Anemone_virginiana: presence or absence of this species
   • 0: absence
   • 1: presence
7. Arisaema_dracontium: presence or absence of this species
   • 0: absence
   • 1: presence
8. Arisaema_triphyllum: presence or absence of this species
   • 0: absence
   • 1: presence
9. Aristolochia_macrophylla: presence or absence of this species
   • 0: absence
   • 1: presence
10. Aristolochia_serpentaria: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
11. Asimina_angustifolia: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
12. Asimina_parviflora: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
13. Asimina_triloba: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
14. Calopogon_pallidus: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
15. Calopogon_tuberosus: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
16. Chamaecrista_fasciculata: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
17. Chamaecrista_nictitans: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
18. Clematis_crispa: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
19. Clematis_occidentalis: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
20. Clematis_reticulata: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
21. Clematis_viorna: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
22. Clematis_virginiana: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
23. Clintonia_borealis: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
24. Clintonia_umbellulata: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
25. Dicentra_canadensis: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
26. Dicentra_cucullaria: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
27. Erythronium_americanum: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
28. Erythronium_umbilicatum: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
29. Halesia_carolina: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
30. Halesia_diptera: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
31. Halesia_tetraptera: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
32. Helenium_amarum: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
33. Helenium_autumnale: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
34. Helenium_flexuosum: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
35. Helenium_pinnatifidum: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
36. Helenium_vernale: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
37. Hexastylis_arifolia: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
38. Hexastylis_virginica: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
39. Hibiscus_aculeatus: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
40. Hibiscus_laevis: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
41. Hibiscus_moscheutos: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
42. Hibiscus_trionum: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
43. Hibiscus_syriacus: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
44. Iris_cristata: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
45. Iris_hexagona: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
46. Iris_prismatica: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
47. Iris_pseudacorus: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
48. Iris_verna: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
49. Iris_versicolor: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
50. Iris_virginica: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
51. Lilium_canadense: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
52. Lilium_catesbaei: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
53. Lilium_philadelphicum: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
54. Lilium_superbum: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
55. Mimosa_microphylla: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
56. Mimosa_quadrivalvis: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
57. Mimosa_strigillosa: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
58. Opuntia_humifusa: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
59. Opuntia_megacantha: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
60. Opuntia_pusilla: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
61. Opuntia_stricta: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
62. Passiflora_incarnata: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
63. Passiflora_lutea: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
64. Passiflora_suberosa: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
65. Phlox_amoena: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
66. Phlox_carolina: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
67. Phlox_divaricata: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
68. Phlox_drummondii: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
69. Phlox_glaberrima: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
70. Phlox_nivalis: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
71. Phlox_paniculata: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
72. Phlox_pilosa: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
73. Phlox_stolonifera: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
74. Phlox_subulata: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
75. Physalis_angulata: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
76. Physalis_angustifolia: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
77. Physalis_heterophylla: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
78. Physalis_longifolia: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
79. Physalis_pubescens: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
80. Physalis_walteri: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
81. Rosa_blanda: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
82. Rosa_carolina: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
83. Rosa_nitida: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
84. Rosa_palustris: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
85. Rosa_virginiana: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
86. Rudbeckia_fulgida: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
87. Rudbeckia_hirta: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
88. Rudbeckia_laciniata: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
89. Rudbeckia_triloba: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
90. Sabatia_angularis: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
91. Sabatia_brevifolia: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
92. Sabatia_calycina: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
93. Sabatia_campanulata: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
94. Sabatia_bartramii: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
95. Sabatia_difformis: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
96. Sabatia_dodecandra: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
97. Sabatia_grandiflora: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
98. Sabatia_stellaris: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
99. Sarracenia_flava: presence or absence of this species
    • 0: absence
    • 1: presence
100. Sarracenia_minor: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
101. Sarracenia_psittacina: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
102. Sarracenia_purpurea: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
103. Styrax_americanus: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
104. Styrax_grandifolius: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
105. Trillium_catesbaei: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
106. Trillium_cernuum: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
107. Trillium_cuneatum: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
108. Trillium_erectum: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
109. Trillium_grandiflorum: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
110. Trillium_maculatum: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
111. Trillium_rugelii: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
112. Trillium_undulatum: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
113. Trillium_vaseyi: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
114. Uvularia_grandiflora: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
115. Uvularia_perfoliata: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
116. Uvularia_puberula: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
117. Uvularia_sessilifolia: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
118. Aquilegia_canadensis: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
119. Bidens_vulgata: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
120. Celastrus_orbiculatus: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
121. Centaurea_stoebe: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
122. Cirsium_arvense: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
123. Cirsium_discolor: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
124. Geranium_maculatum: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
125. Geranium_robertianum: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
126. Hemerocallis_fulva: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
127. Impatiens_capensis: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
128. Lonicera_bella: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
129. Lonicera_canadensis: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
130. Lonicera_japonica: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
131. Malus_pumila: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
132. Malva_neglecta: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
133. Oenothera_perennis: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
134. Orobanche_uniflora: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
135. Rosa_gallica: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
136. Rubus_odoratus: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
137. Sisyrinchium_mucronatum: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
138. Solanum_rostratum: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
139. Abutilon_theophrasti: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
140. Agrostemma_githago: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
141. Albizia_julibrissin: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
142. Allamanda_cathartica: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
143. Anagallis_arvensis: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
144. Asarum_canadense: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
145. Asemeia_violacea: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
146. Asimina_incana: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
147. Asimina_obovata: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
148. Asimina_pygmea: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
149. Asimina_reticulata: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
150. Asimina_spatulata: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
151. Bignonia_capreolata: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
152. Calopogon_barbatus: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
153. Calycanthus_floridus: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
154. Calystegia_catesbeiana: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
155. Calystegia_sepium: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
156. Calystegia_silvatica: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
157. Calystegia_spithamaea: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
158. Campsis_radicans: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
159. Canna_flaccida: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
160. Catalpa_bignonioides: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
161. Catalpa_speciosa: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
162. Catharanthus_roseus: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
163. Centrosema_virginianum: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
164. Chimaphila_umbellata: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
165. Cladrastis_kentukea: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
166. Claytonia_caroliniana: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
167. Claytonia_virginica: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
168. Clinopodium_coccineum: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
169. Clitoria_mariana: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
170. Coreopsis_auriculata: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
171. Coreopsis_basalis: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
172. Coreopsis_gladiata: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
173. Coreopsis_grandiflora: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
174. Coreopsis_lanceolata: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
175. Coreopsis_leavenworthii: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
176. Coreopsis_linifolia: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
177. Coreopsis_major: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
178. Coreopsis_nudata: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
179. Coreopsis_rosea: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
180. Coreopsis_tinctoria: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
181. Coreopsis_tripteris: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
182. Coreopsis_verticillata: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
183. Crinum_americanum: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
184. Datura_stramonium: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
185. Dirca_palustris: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
186. Distimake_dissectus: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
187. Dodecatheon_meadia: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
188. Eustoma_exaltatum: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
189. Galactia_regularis: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
190. Gelsemium_rankinii: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
191. Gelsemium_sempervirens: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
192. Geum_aleppicum: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
193. Geum_canadense: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
194. Geum_laciniatum: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
195. Geum_macrophyllum: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
196. Geum_peckii: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
197. Geum_rivale: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
198. Geum_virginianum: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
199. Gordonia_lasianthus: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
200. Helianthus_angustifolius: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
201. Helianthus_annuus: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
202. Helianthus_atrorubens: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
203. Helianthus_debilis: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
204. Helianthus_decapetalus: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
205. Helianthus_divaricatus: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
206. Helianthus_giganteus: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
207. Helianthus_hirsutus: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
208. Helianthus_laetiflorus: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
209. Helianthus_radula: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
210. Helianthus_strumosus: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
211. Hexastylis_heterophylla: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
212. Hexastylis_shuttleworthii: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
213. Houstonia_caerulea: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
214. Houstonia_purpurea: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
215. Houstonia_pusilla: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
216. Hypericum_ascyron: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
217. Illicium_floridanum: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
218. Impatiens_pallida: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
219. Ionactis_linariifolius: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
220. Ipomoea_alba: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
221. Ipomoea_coccinea: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
222. Ipomoea_cordatotriloba: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
223. Ipomoea_hederacea: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
224. Ipomoea_hederifolia: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
225. Ipomoea_indica: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
226. Ipomoea_lacunosa: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
227. Ipomoea_pandurata: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
228. Ipomoea_pescaprae: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
229. Ipomoea_purpurea: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
230. Ipomoea_quamoclit: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
231. Ipomoea_sagittata: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
232. Lathyrus_japonicus: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
233. Lathyrus_palustris: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
234. Leucaena_leucocephala: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
235. Linnaea_borealis: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
236. Lobelia_dortmanna: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
237. Lobelia_flaccidifolia: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
238. Lobelia_glandulosa: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
239. Lobelia_homophylla: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
240. Lobelia_kalmii: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
241. Lonicera_sempervirens: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
242. Maianthemum_stellatum: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
243. Maianthemum_trifolium: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
244. Menyanthes_trifoliata: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
245. Mimulus_alatus: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
246. Mimulus_ringens: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
247. Mitchella_repens: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
248. Moneses_uniflora: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
249. Narcissus_poeticus: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
250. Narcissus_pseudonarcissus: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
251. Nelumbo_lutea: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
252. Nothoscordum_bivalve: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
253. Nuphar_lutea: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
254. Nymphaea_odorata: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
255. Ornithogalum_umbellatum: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
256. Orthilia_secunda: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
257. Oxalis_corniculata: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
258. Oxalis_debilis: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
259. Oxalis_dillenii: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
260. Oxalis_grandis: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
261. Oxalis_montana: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
262. Oxalis_rubra: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
263. Oxalis_violacea: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
264. Parnassia_glauca: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
265. Paulownia_tomentosa: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
266. Phaseolus_polystachios: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
267. Phlox_floridana: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
268. Phlox_maculata: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
269. Pinguicula_caerulea: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
270. Pinguicula_lutea: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
271. Pinguicula_pumila: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
272. Pogonia_ophioglossoides: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
273. Polygonatum_biflorum: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
274. Polygonatum_pubescens: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
275. Primula_mistassinica: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
276. Pyrola_americana: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
277. Pyrola_asarifolia: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
278. Pyrola_chlorantha: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
279. Pyrola_elliptica: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
280. Rhizophora_mangle: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
281. Rubus_arenicola: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
282. Rubus_argutus: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
283. Rubus_chamaemorus: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
284. Rubus_cuneifolius: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
285. Rubus_elegantulus: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
286. Rubus_frondosus: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
287. Rubus_laciniatus: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
288. Rubus_occidentalis: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
289. Rubus_pubescens: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
290. Rubus_recurvicaulis: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
291. Rubus_semisetosus: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
292. Rubus_trivialis: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
293. Rubus_vermontanus: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
294. Ruellia_caroliniensis: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
295. Sagittaria_australis: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
296. Sagittaria_calycina: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
297. Sagittaria_cuneata: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
298. Sagittaria_engelmanniana: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
299. Sagittaria_lancifolia: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
300. Sagittaria_latifolia: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
301. Sagittaria_montevidensis: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
302. Sagittaria_rigida: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
303. Sagittaria_teres: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
304. Sarracenia_rubra: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
305. Scheuchzeria_palustris: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
306. Senna_obtusifolia: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
307. Senna_occidentalis: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
308. Silene_caroliniana: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
309. Silene_dioica: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
310. Silene_latifolia: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
311. Silene_noctiflora: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
312. Silene_virginica: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
313. Sisyrinchium_angustifolium: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
314. Sisyrinchium_atlanticum: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
315. Sisyrinchium_fuscatum: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
316. Sisyrinchium_montanum: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
317. Sisyrinchium_nashii: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
318. Sisyrinchium_rosulatum: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
319. Solanum_americanum: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
320. Solanum_carolinense: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
321. Solanum_dulcamara: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
322. Solanum_lycopersicum: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
323. Solanum_nigrum: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
324. Solanum_ptycanthum: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
325. Staphylea_trifolia: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
326. Stewartia_malacodendron: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
327. Stewartia_ovata: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
328. Tribulus_cistoides: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
329. Trientalis_borealis: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
330. Urena_lobata: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
331. Utricularia_cornuta: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
332. Utricularia_juncea: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
333. Verbascum_blattaria: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
334. Vigna_luteola: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
335. Viola_adunca: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
336. Viola_affinis: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
337. Viola_bicolor: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
338. Viola_brittoniana: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
339. Viola_canadensis: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
340. Viola_hastata: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
341. Viola_hirsutula: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
342. Viola_labradorica: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
343. Viola_lanceolata: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
344. Viola_nephrophylla: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
345. Viola_odorata: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
346. Viola_pedata: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
347. Viola_renifolia: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
348. Viola_rostrata: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
349. Viola_rotundifolia: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
350. Viola_selkirkii: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
351. Viola_septemloba: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
352. Viola_septentrionalis: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
353. Viola_striata: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
354. Viola_tricolor: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
355. Viola_triloba: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
356. Viola_tripartita: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
357. Viola_walteri: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
358. Ximenia_americana: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
359. Zephyranthes_atamasca: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
360. Zephyranthes_simpsonii: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence
361. Zephyranthes_treatiae: presence or absence of this species
     • 0: absence
     • 1: presence

hf442-14: R code for data analyses

• Compression: none
• Format: R script
• Type: script